托福听力：多选题的考点解析
在托福听力考试中，多选细节题的比例在去年和今年逐渐增加，那么在听对话和讲座的过程中如何把握相应的考点并且能够预测这种题型，是广大考生需要把握的关键!
多选细节题的考点有如下2种：
考点1 并列结构
在文章当中听到Also, and，plus等这些并列连接词，或者总分结构中的并列，比如 There are a couple of factors/elements/ways, 后面教授会罗列并列的要点，考生需要迅速将前后的并列的要点通过笔记的形式记录，例题如下：
例题1：TPO7L4 Q4:What factors are involved in the amount of deformation a glacier undergoes? Click on 2 answers
A.The thickness of glacial ice
B.The hardness of glacial ice
C.The amount of water beneath the glacial ice
D.The temperature of the glacial ice
相应原文：Now, there are a couple of factors that affect the amount of deformation that takes place or the speed of the glacier’s movement for example. Deformation is more likely to occur the thicker the ice is, because of the gravity of the weight of the ice. And temperature also plays a part here, in that cold ice does not move as easily as ice that is close to the melting point.
解析：在这道题目当中，教授先用a couple of factors这样的总分结构引入下面的分论点，然后说了2个影响冰川变形量的因素，以并列连接词Also连接，第一个是the thicker the ice is, 第二个是temperature,所以答案应该是AD
例题2：TPO31C2 Q3:What two requirements did the student have to meet in order to get the internship? Click on 2 answers
A.he had to have volunteered previously at the aquarium
B.he had to be certified in scuba diving
C.he had to be a senior oceanography student
D.he had to have experience collection oceanographic data
相应原文：Well, the internship requires me to have scuba diving certification and to be a senior oceanography student.
解析：学生描述的实习的条件是需要scuba diving的证书，以及必须要是大四的海洋学学生。所以答案是BD
例题3：TPO15L1 Q2:According to the professor, what are two weaknesses of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire? Click on 2 answers.
A.It relies on subjective reporting.
B.It assesses a limited number of situations.
C.It does not assess visual distractions
D.It does not account for factors other than distract ability.
相应原文：And that's part of the problem with the CFQ. It doesn't take other factors into account enough, like forgetfulness. Plus you really can't say you are getting objective scientific results from a subjective questionnaire where people report on themselves.
解析：这道题目当中，教授用Plus并列了2个CFQ的缺点：1 它并没有把其他的因素考虑进去，比如遗忘 2 不能从主观的问卷调查中得到客观的科学结论。所以答案是AD
考点2 离散结构
这一类型的多选细节题不常见，主要的难点是并不能从一句话或者一个段落里的并列结构判断，需要总结一下原文所涉及到的相应内容，才能够准确精准的选对答案。
例题：TPO10C2 Q3: What is the store's policy about giving refunds on books?Click on 2 answers
A.Books that are not for a specific course will receive a store credit instead of a refund
B.Course textbooks can be returned for a full refund early in the school semester
C.All books must be returned within two weeks to be eligible for a full refund
D.Only books that are in new condition will get a full refund
相应原文：
B:Well, for a full refund: store policy is that you have to return merchandise 2 weeks from the time it was purchased. Uh... but for assigned textbooks or anything having to do with specific courses. Wait... was it for a specific course?
Student
Yeah, but actually…
Employee
Well... for course books, the deadline is 4 weeks after the beginning of the semester.
D:Exactly!!! The book has to been in perfect condition of course. They can’t be marked up or looked use in any way for the full refund, I mean.
解析：这道题目当中对于退书的政策是在两个不同的对话回合里体现的，1个是课本可以4周退，非课本是2周，对应B选项。另外一个是书必须要全新的状态才能够得到全额退款，对应D选项。
所以在听的过程中还是需要有考点的意识，迅速识别考点并且预测多选并列的可能性，才能夯实基础，并且在考试中把握主动。
（实习编辑：莫颖）
