托福听力,这些词已经告诉你出题点啦!
同学们常常会抱怨听力耗时过长,无法集中精力,或者记得笔记恰好没有用,考到的全是自己记不住的信息怎么办?
其实ETS出的考点,是具有一定规律的。不同的题材之间的确会存在一些出题方向的差别,但是绝大部分的题目都能通过这些规律定位考点。
当然啦,要做到这一点也并不是一件很容易的事。大家首先要把基本功练好,包括词汇,听写,速记的能力,如果缺少这些基本的训练,那么考试的时候依然是听不懂的。
所以希望同学们在备考的前期,能够耐下心来,完成相对较为漫长且枯燥的听力练习。
下面我们就来谈谈同学们在考试中如何最大化地预测的出题点。
1、听力的每篇第一题,一定是主旨题
无论对话还是讲座,第一题永远会考目的和主题。对话中常规考的是目的,讲座绝大多数考主题。
所以,在听对话的时候,任何一个说话者提到的“I need to …/I’m wondering…/I want to…/I’d like to …”,大家一定要记录下来这些信号词后面的内容,这就是目的题的答案。
讲座的主题大多数会有一个较为明显的主旨句,当大家听到“Now I’m going to talk about/will discuss/ today we will talk about/But today I’d like to introduce…” 等这样的信号句,后面跟的学术概念就是主旨的答案。
偶有例外的是,音频中并没有出现任何一句上述的信号句,那么同学们在判断选项的时候,就需要用排除法,选择一个范围较大的,内容较为笼统的,能否代表音频的大部分内容,用排除法相对比较安全。
【举个例子】
TPO 8 C1 中,学生在一开始提到I’d like to drop off my graduation form, 那么这就是这篇对话的目的,PURPOSE.
TPO 17 L4 中,教授一开始就提到Now I want to talk about an animal that has an fascinating defense mechanisms, 就是这篇讲座的主题了。
2、ETS经常会采用的对比,转折
出现两者做对比的,前后逻辑有转折关系的,都是潜在的考点。
下面的信号词:
做对比的,compared to, by contrast, on contrary, contradictory, on the other hand;
表转折的:however, but
这点也是基本上每一篇都会出题的地方,这些信号词后面跟着的内容,就是题目的答案。
【举个例子】
TPO5 L4中: On the other hand, descriptions of characters and settings can be developed more completely.
TPO17 L4中: The octopus can release a cloud of ink if it feels threatened. But it doesn’t hide behind it, as is generally believed. Um, the ink cloud is ... it serves to distract a predator while the octopus makes its escape.
TPO 5 L1中: An organism often cannot survive with a mutated gene. And so a gene usually cannot be passed on, unless it’s an exact copy. For memes however, fidelity is not always so important.
3、否定
在对话或者讲座中,说话者表达否定的:have no…, without,can’t be ;以及讲座中提及某个学术知识时,出现的否性形容词,比如:unusual, irrelevant,impossible。
【举个例子】
TPO9 L3: First the rains that fell there were torrential. So it would've been impossible for all the water to soak into the ground.
TPO1 L3: And it maybe this burial custom that explains why the houses were packed in so tightly without streets.
4、表达观点和态度
对话中一般出现,说话者的态度;讲座中会出现教授对于某个理论的观点,或者陈述某一个,几个科学家的观点。
以下是考点信号词:think, feel, believe, criticize, guess, assume/assumption, speculate/speculation, evidence, convincing
观点的表达分为三类,肯定,否定,不确定。
【举个例子】
TPO11 L1:And in a broken wing display the bird spreads and drags the wings or its tail, and while it does that, it slowly moves away from the nests so it really looks like a bird with a broken wing. And these broken wing displays can be pretty convincing. 教授认为这些broken wing display说服理非常强,表示肯定的态度
TPO3 C2:
Student:Sounds like it could be a lot of work. Is there … is there any way I can use the experience to get some extra credit in class? I mean, can I write a paper about it?
Professor:I think it’ll depend on what type of work you do in the excavation.
上述例子中,教授就给出了不确定的答案,没有肯定或者否定学生的问题。
5、举例
例子的内容占时篇幅可能会比较长,但大多数情况下,都不会考例子中具体的信息,而会考这个例子是为了说明某个论点,而论点一般出现在例子之前。
那么同学们在听的时候,可以省略掉例子中的细节,而注重例子所证明的点做记录。
【举个例子】
TPO2 L1: It’s called ideomotor action. Ideomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it, without our being aware of it. I’ll give you one simple example.If you think of locations, there tends to be eye movement that occurs with… 这个例子就是为了说明ideomotor action。