名师解析托福阅读熟词僻义
在阅读托福文章的时候,有些词汇虽然是我们很熟悉的,但是其意义并不一定是我们理解的意思。整理了老师们重点讲解的一些托福阅读熟词偏意,供大家学习。
来源:杭州新东方留学考试
associate
【常用释义】
与...相联系
【生僻释义】
n. 伙伴
托福例句1:
Parasitism is a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host.
(TPO 17-3 Symbiotic Relationships)
托福例句2:
Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics. (TPO 8-2 Extinction of the Dinosaurs)
解析:
例句1:
该句中“associate”为名词,表示”伙伴“。该句中词组“at the expense of”表示“以...为代价”。整句可翻译为:
寄生指的是一种捕猎关系,在该关系中,一种生物(寄生虫)从它的共生伙伴(寄主)上获取食物。
例句2:
该句中“associated with”考察的是常见的意思“与...相联系”,在句子中修饰“climatic alterations”。整句可翻译为:
很长时间以来,古生物家们认为恐龙的灭亡是与因地质构造而引起的海洋和大陆位置变迁相关的气候变化所致。
在TPO 16-1 Trade and the Ancient Middle East中第7题的事实信息否定题选项中也出现了“associates”表示“伙伴”的意思,和原文中的“fellows”形成对应。
According to paragraph 4, which of the following was NOT necessary for success in the mercantile economy?
○Good business sense
○Reliable associates
○Family wealth
○Constant effort
杭州新东方国外考试部托福教研组
冯珊珊
article
【常用释义】
文章
【生僻释义】
物品
托福例句:
In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists.( OG2 Artisans and Industrialization)
解析:
article一般都是文章的含义,但是在托福中还有另外一层含义就是物品。比如在这个句子中,大概的意思为:女性通常在家里做兼职,使用从商人资本家那里获取的原材料来制作制成品。
杭州新东方国外考试部托福教研组
刘晓曦
account
【常用释义】
n. 账户
【生僻释义】
v.是。。。。。。的原因;对。。。。。。作出解释
托福例句1:
Some hypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas. (TPO 15-3 Mass Extinctions)
托福例句2:
The sheer passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier.(TPO 6-3 Infantile Amnesia)
解析:
例句1:
解析:有些假设没能对陆地和海洋同时发生的灭绝作出解释。
例句2:
解析:account常见意思为账户,比如bank account;也可以解释为描述报道,比如a blow-by-blow account,一五一十的描述,first-hand account,第一手描述。作为动词时,意思为占。。。。。。的比例,或者对。。。。。。作出解释,比如account for something,对something作出解释。翻译:仅仅因为经过了一段时间并不能解释这个问题;成年人可以绝佳地辨认出35年前的高中同学照片。
杭州新东方国外考试部托福教研组
王蓉蓉
minute
【常用释义】
n. 分钟
【生僻释义】
adj. |manjut |微小的
托福例句:However, detailed studies of the chondrite matrix suggest that much of it, too, has been formed by condensation or melting in the nebula, although minute amounts of surviving interstellar dust are mixed with the processed materials. (tpo22-3 The Allende Meteorite)
解析:
minute大家都知道是“分钟”的意思。但它还可以作形容词,表示“微小的”,但是念作|manjut |。其实名词的minute和形容词的minute是两个是不同的词,形相同,但读音和意思不一样。在具体语境中,可以根据上下文利用词性进行判断。在上面的例句中minute修饰amount,表示小部分。本句释义: 不过对球粒陨石基质的详细研究表明多数基质的确是由星云的凝结和熔融形成的,尽管在这些被处理过的物质中还混有小部分残留的星际尘埃。
杭州新东方国外考试部托福教研组
应茜羽
respect
【常用释义】
v. 尊敬,尊重
【生僻释义】
n. 方面
托福例句1:The Nile provided the easiest and quickest artery of communication, and the national capital was, again, ideally located in this respect.(TPO 43-1 The Empire of Alexander the Great)
托福例句2:If the artificial Sun remained stationary, the birds would shift their direction with respect to it at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Sun's rate of movement across the sky.(TPO11-2 Orientation and Navigation)
解析:
例句1:respect除了常见的动词释义“方面”,在托福中还经常考察名词的释义,“方面”。如,in this/that respect,在这/那方面。句中的the national capital was, again, ideally located in this respect意为“在这方面,国家首都的位置是理想的”;artery意为“交通干线”;
例句2:with respect to 意为“相对于,就某方面而言”。句中的the birds would shift their direction with respect to it意为“鸟儿会改变它们相对于太阳的方向”;stationary意为“固定的”;
杭州新东方国外考试部托福教研组
祝竟超
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