托福听力艺术绘画类考点知识解析
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远古时期我们的祖先会在岩洞中作画,在TPO听力练习中,TPO3 Lecture3 Chauvet Painting就有文章涉及到岩洞画,这篇听力文章整体难度不是很大,文章介绍了岩洞画的创作时间是在stone age(石器时代),而石器时代可以分为Paleolithic和Neolithic两个时期,作画的工具通常是charcoal(木炭),画描绘的对象往往是一些大型的herbivore(食草动物),这里同学们也可以了解一下同词根的另外两个词,carnivore(食肉动物)和omnivore(杂食动物),远古人特别善于利用岩石的形状来描绘动物,但是他们几乎不画人类,而他们为什么会选择画特定的动物,又为什么要将画画在漆黑没有人居住的岩洞中,文中教授也没有给出明确的解释。
除了岩洞艺术我们的听力练习中还涉及到油画,这是一个比较重要也相对较难的点,如果你细心观察会发现这些文章除了文章背景知识和词汇有所重合之外,在考察方向上也有一些相似的点,例如TPO1 lecture1 Rose Frantzen和TPO19 lecture4 Cecilia Beaux 以及TPO21 lecture4 Alice Neel,下面我们就以一些具体的题目分析一下他们在考点方面的共性。
首先文章中都会涉及一些常见的艺术流派,而这些艺术流派的定义通常会在文章中进行解释,并在具体的作品中体现该艺术流派的特点,所以我们最好能够听懂文中对于艺术流派的具体描述,因为画家在绘画当中往往会受到这些绘画风格的影响或者将几种风格融合在作品中,例如在TPO21 lecture4 中Alice Neel就融合了Realism和Expressionism,在文中对于realism的描述是It's like painting something exactly how it is, so an artist would try to make it as accurate, um... and objective as possible.即准确客观的描绘。
另外文中还提到了Expressionism即The artist is depicting subjective emotions, showing the inner reality as interpreted by the artist rather than the outward form.So the image itself might be distorted or exaggerated in some way. The expression overrides objective representation.这种流派的特点就是画家在描绘主观的情感,通过作品来表现出内在的实质而不是外在的形式。所以画出的形象可能会在某种程度上变形或者夸张化。表现主义就掩盖了客观的呈现。
在文中就有第3题考察了. Expressionism表现主义:
According to the professor, what two aspects of Neel's work are characteristic of Expressionism? Click on 2 answers.
A. The depiction of unusual object
B. The way the subjects' faces are portrayed
C. The shape of the subjects' bodies
D. The use of color in the paintings
原文中的描述是First, Neel’s use of bold color. All right? You’ll see she uses color to convey emotion and feeling, like the subjects’ clothing for instance, it appears brighter than it really is. And the subjects, the people being portrayed, Neel paid special attention to faces. The way she paints the eyes and how the faces are portrayed, these are quite realistic, like the realists’ work. But another thing Neel did was use elongated, sort of stretchy figures. Neel擅长使用非常大胆的颜色去表现感情和感受,例如像被画对象的衣着看起来比实际的要更明亮,而她所画的人更注重脸部,画人比较写实,这是realism的体现,但是对于身材的描述又会画的比较修长,这又体现了表现主义,所以可以看出特点分别是use of color对应选项D和elongated, sort of stretchy figures。对应选项C
除此之外在TPO1lecture1Rose Frantzen中也提到了Realism,而在这篇文章中画家是将Impressionism印象派和Realism进行了融合,首先文章中对于印象派的艺术风格进行了描述,Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Um…the basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um…Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.从文中的描述我们可以得到一些印象派作画技巧方面的特点,如:不是对对象进行如实的描绘,作画时着墨很厚,常用大刷子,画布的质地比较粗糙,而在这段描述中的很多词汇也是在艺术类文章中反复出现且一定需要掌握的,例如:Impressionism印象派,depict描绘,brushstroke画笔的一笔,canvas画布,除此之外,文中还介绍了Realism现实主义,对于现实主义的描述是 real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everydaysubject matter, too.也就是会如实描绘被画的对象,而常常画的通常也是一些日常物品和场景。
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