托福独立口语：工作职场类话题解析！
工作职场类话题作为托福独立口语的常见话题之一，是不少同学面临的难题。这是因为大多数备考的同学还没有步入社会，缺乏工作经验，对工作职场类话题不是很熟悉。因此，在短短15s内确实很难想好思路，不知道该从何说起。
但是，我们仔细研究历年托福考题就会发现工作职场类话题主要考查的内容不外乎下面这三种。
工作环境：这类题目通常会让大家选择更喜欢在哪类公司工作。比如说更喜欢大公司还是小公司？更喜欢假期多的公司还是薪资更高的公司？
工作方式：这类题目通常会问大家对工作形式的偏好。比如说更喜欢独立完成工作还是和他人合作完成？更愿意同时完成多个任务还是一次完成一个任务？
职场行为：这类题目考查的内容通常与员工和领导之间的互动有关系，比如说有的题目会问我们是否能够接受领导监督下属？还有的题目会问领导是应该禁止员工查看私人邮件？或者员工更喜欢独断的领导还是会倾听下属心声的领导？
因此，基于工作职场类话题的主要考查内容，我们总结了一些通用的思路～接下来，就和大家分享一下工作职场类话题的备考锦囊！
常用思路及语料
工作环境
improve the quality of life：我们如果我们在题干中给出的选项里能够分析出有一种选择对应着更高的收入，比如说大公司通常财务状况比较好，能够给员工提供更高且更稳定的收入。那我们就可以将提升生活质量作为一个理由来展开回答。
why-stable financial status；more disposable income
how-enjoy life + get away from the hustle and bustle of daily life
what-receive advanced education，attend online courses，travel to broaden horizon
develop skills：比如说大公司一般会在employee training方面有较多的投入，所以员工可以在培训中提升各种工作技能。或者是说大公司中不同的员工都有自己的特长，所以也可以相互学习。
why&how-attach great importance to employee training；provide adequate training；learn from others’ expertise
what-how to use computer software，like office
当然，也可以具体某一个skill，比如说interpersonal skill。大公司一般会给大公司中我们难免要和来自不同部门的同事交流，他们都有着不同于我们的性格、教育背景以及工作习惯等，因此可以在工作中学习如何与他们交流和工作，提升自己的人际交往能力。
why&how-interact with colleagues and supervisors who have different personalities，educational background and working routines from us；learn how to communicate with them properly in a group project；how to negotiate and reach an agreement if a disagreement occurs
physical health/mental health：比如说以大公司为例，工作节奏比较快，工作内容比较复杂，因此加班是一种工作常态，而加班很多时候都需要熬夜，进而导致大家休息不好也没有足够的时间来锻炼身体，所以对于身体健康有着不利的影响。【心理健康同理，比如说工作任务多且有难度，遇到困难容易焦虑，压力大，没有时间做一些与工作无关的活动，缺乏放松的渠道】
why-fast-paced working style；multiple tasks；fierce competition
how-work overtime；stay up late；a lack of exercise
当然，我们也可以换另一个角度来展开，比如说大公司的硬件设施一般会比较好，有的公司会给员工健身卡或者公司本身就有健身房，员工就可以利用闲暇时间锻炼身体，而且有些大公司还有自己的食堂，能够为员工提供健康的饮食，所以有助于提升员工的整体健康水平。
why-equipped with better facilities
what-gym；cafeteria
how-do some exercises after work；have healthier meals and more nutritious food
工作方式
efficiency：这个理由其实可以对应到不同的工作方式中，只要找到理由和工作方式之间的联系即可，比如说自己独自完成任务效率更高，因为自己一个人可以更好的专注在任务上，不会被分散注意力，相反如果和很多人一起完成任务的话大家很有可能会聊一些与工作无关的话题或者是在工作中有比较多的分歧，很难达成一致，所以拖慢工作进度。
why&how-stay focused on the task；not be distracted by others；lead to conflicts，spend time discussing；slow down the pace
what-chats over personal issues
当然，换一个角度也可以。比如说和别人合作工作效率更高，这是因为如果在工作中遇到困难和问题的话，大家可以集思广益，更快的找到问题的解决办法。
why-share each person’s expertise
how-encounter difficulties；ask others for help；make a right decision
what-how to promote sales
develop skills：如果是和他人一起合作完成任务的话和工作环境中提到的develop interpersonal skills是同样的道理，可以做迁移；
如果是自己独立完成任务的话可以说cultivate the ability of independent thinking；
why&how-overcome a particular obstacle without assistance
what-compose a business plan，analyze pros and cons of certain business patterns
如果是同时完成多个任务的话可以说develop time management skills；
why&how-easy to make mistakes if too many tasks are mixed；categorize tasks according to urgency，importance and difficulties；divide time among multiple tasks
what-compose a business plan；follow up on a project；have online meetings with colleagues
physical health/mental health：这两个理由在对应展开的时候都可以说某种工作方式会在身体/心理健康的两个领域引发什么问题，或者说带来什么样的好处。比如说如果是自己一个人工作或者是同时完成多个任务的话，会面临工作任务较多的情况，如果遇到困难的话容易焦虑，压力大，而且没有时间参与到与工作无关的休闲娱乐活动中，所以不利于心理健康，而与他人一起合作或者一次只做一个任务的话会把压力分散开，有遇到困难会有其他同事帮忙，或者一次只做一个任务的话，即便遇到困难也有时间解决，不用担心其他任务来不及完成，所以不会过分焦虑。【身体健康同理哦】
职场行为
mutual respect：不论是和同事的相处还是和领导的相处，都需要相互尊重，在职场中领导要尊重员工的隐私，员工也要尊重领导的工作风格。
why-mutual respect is the basic requirement for any kind of relationship
how-accept the difference，privacy and freedom
efficiency/mental health这两个常用的理由仍然可以用上面的思路来迁移哦
举个栗子A：
20220409-There are two kinds of jobs. One offers you much higher salary, but you don’t have holidays while another gives you a relatively low payment, but you could take a break and have some time to rest. Which of these two jobs do you like to choose? Explain why with details and examples.
分析：题目问我们更喜欢哪一种工作，那么我们就来分析一下两种工作各自都有什么特点。第一种工作中有两个关键信息【higher salary】和【no holidays】，第二种工作中对应的两个关键信息【low payment】和【take a break】。对比两个选项会发现差异就在收入以及工作时间上面，所以对应上面提到的工作环境/工作方式里的理由都可以迁移。
如果选第一种工作，我们可以说：
improve the quality of life：It provides employees with a great opportunity to improve the quality of life. To be specific, not only can they make ends meet, but they can also have more disposable income to purchase expensive electronic devices, like sophisticated cameras, have organic and more nutritious food, and even attend some online courses to receive advanced education.
develop time management skills：It allows me to develop time management skills. This is because the higher the salary is, the more challenging the tasks are. For example, it is common to boost productivity and allocate time to accomplishing multiple tasks with time budget based on urgency and difficulties. This experience is valuable.
如果选第二种工作，我们可以说：
mental health：It won’t do harm to my mental health. To be specific, a relatively low payment means that the job is not demanding and it won’t require too much effort. Therefore, it is unnecessary to worry about my performance. However, if there are no holidays, I have to keep working and feel anxious about making mistakes during such a long period of working. Plus, I don’t have leisure time to have fun with my friends or participate in other recreational activities, which even makes it worse.
physical health：It is conducive to my physical health. Since there is no need to work overtime and stay up late, it is possible for me to get enough sleep and take advantage of the break to go to gym to do some exercises, like jogging or stretching. In this way, I will feel refreshed and energetic, getting rid of a stiff neck.
【sample】
I prefer the job with higher salary. First, it provides me with a great opportunity to improve the quality of life. To be specific, not only can I make ends meet, but I can also have more disposable income to purchase expensive electronic devices, like sophisticated cameras, have organic and more nutritious food, and even attend some online courses to receive advanced education. Second, it allows me to develop time management skills. This is because the higher the salary is, the more challenging the tasks are. To put it in other words, it is necessary to boost productivity and allocate time to accomplishing multiple tasks with time budget based on urgency and difficulties. This experience is valuable.
举个栗子B：
20220723-Do you think employee should finish multiple tasks simultaneously or concentrate on one task?
分析：题目问我们员工应该以什么样的方式完成工作任务。具体而言，题干中的两个选项分别是【finish multiple tasks simultaneously】和【concentrate on one task】。对应上面提到的工作方式里的理由都可以迁移。比如说develop skills【time management】/efficiency/health，具体如下：
选择【finish multiple tasks simultaneously】，我们可以说：
develop time management skills：It allows employees to develop time management skills. This is because it is necessary to boost productivity and allocate time to accomplishing multiple tasks with time budget based on urgency and difficulties. However, if they fail to categorize those tasks, they may make some mistakes inevitably and stuck on one of them.
efficiency：When they have to work on many different tasks, they will force themselves to speed up in order to accomplish tasks before the deadline. To be specific, they have to attend an online meeting and write a report or business plan at the meantime. In this way, their working efficiency is improved.
选择【concentrate on one task】，我们可以说：
efficiency：When employees stay focused on one task at one time, they won’t be distracted by other tasks. However, if there is a particular challenging part in one of the task, employees’ attention will be grabbed by it even when they are dealing with other issues. In this way, they are more likely to make mistakes, which will further slow down the pace.
health：It is good for my mental health. To be specific, it won’t require too much effort. However, if there are multiple tasks, I have to keep working and feel anxious about making mistakes during such a long period of working. Plus, I guess I may not have sufficient leisure time to have fun with my friends or participate in other recreational activities.
小试牛刀：
上面的思路同学们是否有理解呢，可以尝试用下面三道题来检验一下哦～
20210410-Some people prefer to work in a small organization with just a few people around them, while others prefer to work in a large company with thousands of coworkers. Which do you prefer?
20220306-Some people prefer to work independently while others prefer to work with others. Which do you prefer and why?
20210609-Which do you prefer: a leader who makes quick decisions without consulting others or a leader who asks for the opinions of other group members before making a decision?
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