雅思写作|如何进行改写 (paraphrase)
万事开头难。
很多同学雅思写作时都会在开头段卡一会儿，
因为对题目进行改写(paraphrase)太难了❗️
其实，不仅仅是开头段，
主体段的论证过程、结尾段重申个人观点，都会涉及到“同义替换”，来avoid repetition.
今天我们就来总结一下，有哪些方法来进行paraphrase
以下边这道题为例：
Some people think the best way to improve road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars and motorcycles.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
1.找同义词
这个方法听起来最简单，风险也最大——因为学生一旦秉承“能改尽改”原则，非常容易将原词改成非常不恰当的表达。
所以，在确保100%accurate的前提下保守使用该方法。
some people think→some argue
the best way→the most effective method/the best solution
increase the age→raise the age
2.改词性
找一找题目中哪些词是有其他词性的？
比如safety的形容词是safe，那improve road safety这个短语就可以变为make roads safer
native speakers会把词性的切换运用得淋漓尽致。比如在以下文章中，我们可以看到television一词在文章中以不同词性出现：
题目：In some countries,some criminal trials in law courts are shown on television and the general public can watch them.Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
①In recent years,criminal trials have been televised in some countries to allow the public an opportunity to watch them.
---用到的是动词：televise
②It would be a step forward towards more justice by televising the trials as it is overseen by the public.
---用到的是动词：televise
③The disadvantages of an open televised trial can be devastating due to the public and media pressure which might result in a lack of justice.
---用到的是形容词：televised
但这两个方法都受限于原有的表达，改得有点“束手束脚”，不够“大气洒脱”。
如果你想改得更灵活、不局限于原词，那么接下来几个方法会帮到你。
3.使用“反义词”
improve road safety是提高道路安全，从“相反的角度”来说，就是减少交通事故。
那么improve road safety就可以替换成reduce traffic accidents
4.使用“更具体的表达”
improve road safety更具体来讲就是保障行人和驾驶者的安全：ensure the safety of pedestrians and drivers
5.从“不同角度”来表达
increase the minimum legal age for driving cars and motorcycles提高开车的法定年龄，从另一个角度来讲，就是“限制青少年驾驶者”：
ban teenagers from driving cars and motorcycles
还可以说成“提高获得驾驶证的年龄要求”：raising the age requirement for obtaining a driver's license
reduce road accidents从“结果”角度来说就是“减少与交通有关的伤亡”：reduce traffic-related injuries and fatalities
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