雅思写作:议论文如何举例_雅思写作
北京爱思学雅思小编为各位雅思考生整理了雅思写作议论文如何举例,希望对关注雅思考试的考生们有用!
举例子是雅思议论文写作考试中的重要方法之一,也是大家最常用的,那么我们如何才能让自己的举例更加的自然生动,对自己观点的论证也更加有力而真实呢?下面北京爱思学雅思小编就为大家整理了相关信息,供大家参考和借鉴之用。
雅思考试有条写作指令叫做:Include relevant examples from your own experience. 所以考生在考试时都喜欢使用举例法(exemplification)。这一扩展方式本身无可厚非,然而在使用时几种例子是不适合的。
(一)局限于自己或朋友的例子。此类例子往往缺乏客观性和说服力,由于人称的局限导致所叙述事件难免“鸡毛蒜皮”。要明白,个人不代表整体。
例:I keep my dog to avoid my loneliness and I find a lot of fun.
这样的例子让人犹如在看记叙文,和议论文很不搭调。
(二)引用过多数据。太多专业数据会给人捏造的痕迹,缺乏真实性。考官会质疑数据的出处。
例:A survey indicates that the number of people smoking has increased to as high as 65 percent in China.(一项调查显示。。。)
"65%"让文章看起来有些假,有捏造的嫌疑。"A survey"又不够具有代表性。
(三)中国式的例子。一个同样难代表世界。雅思是international的考试,不应将范围框的太局限。此外考官来自各个,过分使用一个的例子会引起他们的反感。
例:Many children in China like to play computer games for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.
只需小小改动便可成为成功范例。
因此,首先考生应了解,举例是一种常见的论述方式,特别在论述某一些比较抽象的话题的时候(比如文化类或跟艺术相关的话题)。但是,并不是每个段落都需要例证法,举例过多或过分牵强会影响文章的正式感,甚至给考官喋喋不休的感觉。
举例是为了更加形象地叙述事情。提醒考生们要注意以下原则:
(一) 要来源于生活,要具有生动的论述效果。不能过于空洞,也不能脱离现时,否则就失去了举例的意义。
(二) 要客观表达。虽然来源于身边社会,但不可让描述方式变的太鸡毛蒜皮,拿不上台面。其实这点容易办到,只需要把事件中某一个具体的你,我,他,变成是客观群体,比如说people across the globe, students, they之类的人称即可。
举例的常见表达方式:
for example,/for instance,(后加句子)
Such as/ like (后加词组)
Take... as an example,
A case in point is that......
其次,在举例时还应注意尺度。
1. 应避免使用人称和第二人称,为了加强客观性,应将人称写成第三人称。
改正:Those people who raise pets, such as dogs and cats, are more likely to gain happiness and relieve their loneliness.(那些养宠物,例如养猫和养狗的人往往更容易获得快乐并且缓解孤独感)
2. 应避免引用一项调查研究,并同时伴有过多数据。应将数据去掉,用含糊的方法表示。
改正:There is much evidence to show that the number of people smoking has increased at an alarming rate in China. (大量证据表明)
3. 应避免将例子局限在一个,尤其是中国。应将范围放至全世界。
改正:Many children around the world like to sit in front of the screen for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.(在全世界,许多孩子在屏幕前待太久,导致了他们的视力减弱。
“全世界”的表达方式:around the world, all over the world, across the globe
【雅思写作真题】
The advocates of international aid believe that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while the opponents consider it necessary, because money is misspent by the governments that receive it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
【北京爱思学师资献计】
This aid is essential to the homeless and useful in helping recipient countries return to their normal state after major disturbances. For example, with the humanitarian relief obtained worldwide on an annual basis, victims of natural disasters (such as tsunami, drought, flood) throughout the world can recover rapidly and rebuild their homeland.
通过上面的分析,我们就可以看到,中国考生由于各种原因,虽然喜欢举例子,但是应用并不熟练,大家需要在备考雅思议论文写作考试的时候,对此加以适当的集中式练习,这样才能的掌握写作的方法,也有的成绩上的表现。最后,北京爱思学雅思小编预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩!