雅思大作文范文及解析：科学研究由政府主导
雅思观点类大作文，科技类话题
Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by government rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
题目来源：2023年10月21日大陆雅思大作文（重复21年8月21日大陆考题）
题目大意
一些人认为科学研究应该由政府而不是私人企业开展和控制。是否同意？
思路解析
这是一道观点类大作文，讨论的是科学研究是否应该由政府控制而不是私人公司。要注意的是，题目中讨论的限定对象“Scientific research”、“government”和“private companies”，因此要围绕着这三点展开，这道题无论同意反对都是可以写的，只需要明确另一方的问题阐明己方的优势即可。下面月半鸭就和大家分别来看下政府和私人公司在科学研究上的利弊。
先来看私人公司的作用。
首先，要明确的是，私人公司是带有盈利目的的，因此在科技研发上会追求两件事，一是效率，二是这项技术所能带来的市场收益。一项技术能够带来高收益，意味着私人公司也愿意去投入成本来研发。而且由于市场竞争的关系，私人公司只有越早研发出这项技术并投入应用，才能在市场竞争中通过先发优势和专利壁垒获得收益，一些技术交由私人公司研发确实会有助于加快其研发速度，减轻政府的经济负担。
但是，私人公司的问题也很明显，因为其注重的是公司收益而非社会整体利益，因此不会愿意投入一些没有收益的基础科学研究，此外一些关系到人类安全或是百姓生计的研究交由一家私人公司控制也过于危险。
因此，这也是政府的作用。
一是一些短期内看不到市场收益但是关系到全人类进步的基础科学应有政府控制和开展，这些研究往往跨度时间长、投入成本高，需要一直持续而且不断试错。
二是一些事关人类安全和民生的科学研究也应由政府掌控，比如核能、军事技术、病毒研究等等，以此来保证这些技术的安全，不会在日常威胁到民众的安全。
当然，让政府掌控所有技术研发也是不现实的，因为其产生的财政和人力成本的负担都是非常巨大的。
提纲
高分范文示例
The debate over whether scientific research should be a governmental matter rather than a private sector's concern often ignites diverse viewpoints. I partially agree that the government should lead scientific initiatives due to ethical standards and public welfare concerns, but this disregards the innovation and financial capabilities of private companies.
On one side of the argument, governmental control over scientific research ensures that the studies and explorations undertaken serve public interests. Governments are theoretically bound to their citizens' welfare, thereby focusing on projects that cater to societal needs such as health, environmental protection, and education. Additionally, they are in a position to maintain ethical standards by enforcing strict regulations to prevent misconduct that could potentially arise from profit-driven motives, which are often associated with private companies
However, it is essential to recognize the pivotal role that private companies have played in groundbreaking innovations. The private sector’s competitiveness fuels rapid development and efficiency, attributes that are frequently absent in governmental agencies, due to bureaucratic limitations. For instance, the technological advancements we have witnessed in the digital era are largely attributed to private entities competing against each other. Moreover, these companies reinvest their profits into research and development, indicating their financial robustness and sustainability in carrying out extensive research without over-relying on taxpayers' money.
Nonetheless, the primary concern with private companies leading scientific research is their inevitable focus on profitability. The market-driven approach can lead to inequality in resource allocation, where only projects deemed profitable are pursued, potentially neglecting critical areas that do not promise immediate financial returns but are crucial for societal progression.
In conclusion, while the government's involvement in scientific research is crucial for ensuring that it aligns with the citizens' welfare and upholding ethical standards, the exclusion of private companies is not advisable. A balanced approach, perhaps through public-private partnerships, could harness the private sector's innovative prowess while leveraging governmental oversight to steer these advancements towards the greater public good. This synergy, rather than a polarized stance, would be instrumental in fostering an environment where scientific research thrives, contributing to both societal welfare and economic progression.
相关词汇和语法结构
diverse viewpoints 多元观点
assurance of ethical standards 道德标准的保证
public welfare 公共福利
innovative spirit 创新精神
financial capabilities 财务能力
serve public interests 服务公众利益
malpractices 渎职行为
groundbreaking innovations 开创性的创新
bureaucratic constraints 官僚限制
reinvest their profits 重新投资他们的利润
market-driven approach 市场驱动的方式
public-private partnerships 公私合作伙伴关系
societal progression 社会进步
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