干货满满!雅思写作这3个步骤,轻松冲7+!
关于一篇作文到底怎么写好,很多考鸭心里都没有谱,其实雅思写作文确实不是一件非常容易的事情,所以就要将一个大任务分步去进行,今天就和大家简单分享一下写作步骤~
先审题再定框架
同学们拿到一道作文题,要做的第一件事就是审题!这一步非常关键!雅思的大作文题主要分为以下几类:
观点型 (agree or disagree)
讨论型 (discuss both views)
利弊型 (advantages and disadvantages) (positive or negative)
报告型 (report, analysis of reasons and solution)
知道了这个,同学们就跟着掌柜来看看以下这道题吧:
剑18 Test2:
Some university students want to learn about other subjects in addition to their main subjects. Others believe it is more important to give all their time and attention to study a qualification.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
这道题目,首先,看题目要求是双边讨论再给出自己的观点。这就意味着它会和agree/disagree的题目不一样,同学们要先对两边的观点都讨论到,才能阐述自己的观点,而不是只顾着讨论自己的观点。
此外,题目说的是大学学生,可能有的同学写着写着就去写全体学生,或者写比如中学生这样的群体,这也是不行的,我们写作的时候一定要围绕题目给的信息展开,在这一点上一定不要自我发挥!字数也很重要,同学们写的内容不能少于250词,当然,也不要超过太多~
其次,这道题还明确点明了同学们写作的内容里要涵盖具体的理由,并且要有实际的例子,因此我们的写作结构上,就可以是每个论点都要配上实例论证,也就是说我们不能说空话,观点正面也好反面也罢,同学们一定要让自己的观点有例子作证,而不是空讲一些空话。
同学们实践了以后就会发现,审好题目,有了提纲,写起大作文来简直是速度飞起!因为你已经有了清晰地构思,写作的时候就是心有文章、只待下笔啦~
搭建写作框架
引言:
陈述问题或话题,提供背景信息。
表明你的观点(如果是议论文)或讨论主要观点(如果是讨论文)。
正文段 1:
提出第一个支持观点或主要观点。
提供支持观点的论据或例子。
使用过渡词引导下一个段落。
正文段 2:
提出第二个支持观点或主要观点。
提供支持观点的论据或例子。
使用过渡词引导下一个段落。
正文段 3(可选):
如果你有第三个支持观点或主要观点,可以在这里提出。
提供支持观点的论据或例子。
反驳段:
讨论可能存在的相反观点或异议。
提供论据或例子来反驳这些观点。
使用过渡词引导下一个段落。
结论:
总结你的观点和主要论据。
重申你的观点或提出建议(取决于题目类型)。
总结整篇文章,使之更加连贯。
填充写作内容
有了大致的框架结构,我们就需要往里面填充写作内容了,那么最简单的方法就是我们要先分主题去积累相关的写作词汇。同学们在写作时,如果遇到自己不熟悉的话题,是不是会有一种无话可说的感觉?这就体现了我们平时积累素材的重要性。
首先,要学会利用资源。
雅思的听力原文和阅读文章都是很好的材料,同学们也许可以从中搜集一些可用的材料,比如关于科学的、教育的,都是也许用得上的,我们要给自己准备好一个素材库。
其次,同学们平时也要学会从日常的新闻、热点甚至是个人生活中搜集素材,寻找话题例子,这些都会成为我们写大作文时很有用的素材哦。
相信同学们有时候即使准备充分,可能也会突然在写作时遇到一个不熟悉的话题而大脑短路。这时候,如何快速地构思出多方面的素材呢?
大概会有这些:文化、社会生活、经济、环境、责任权利、个人成长、健康、家庭等等。我们可以训练一下自己,如果遇到了不熟悉的话题,可以试着从这些大方面去筛选一下素材话题,看看有没有能够帮助我们论述的,如果有,同学们就可以进一步去思考出素材来啦。
因此,要想写大作文的速度够快,我们平时的素材积累一定要过关,哪怕遇到不会的话题,素材积累到位,勤于练习,我们也能有话可说。不然的话,就只能在作文里翻来覆去说同样的话,这样可拿不到一个高分哦。
改写方法
大多数学生认为改写只意味着使用同义词,但实际上只替换同义词而不重改句式的改写方法,有时会显得很生硬。
其他的改写方式包括:改变词的形式(Changing of word form)、改为被动语态、改变不同的从句来改变动词形式。尽量要有意识地运用这些技巧,才能熟能生巧。
小作文(Task 1)对于题目的改写更是重中之重!因为,小作文的Introduction 引入段落正是由题目改写而成,大致介绍介绍图表讲了什么。
当写雅思大作文(Task 2)的首段时,通常需要重新表达题目(取题目中的首句进行改写)。有些人可能会花很多时间思考如何替换关键词,但有时候这并不是最合适的做法。
因为有些题目中的关键词很难找到完全相同的替代词,如果强行使用同义词,可能会让句子显得不够自然。
方法①:同义词替换
例1-大作文题目
Unemployment is one of the most serious problems facing developed nations today. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of reducing the working week to thirty-five hour.
当你进行改写时,可以保持相同的句子结构,只需更改关键词即可。很直观地,题目里的关键词:“Unemployment” “seriousproblems”、“nations”、“today”、“advantages”、“disadvantages”等都能进行同义替换。
关键词可以是名词、动词、形容词等,一般我们同义替换的是名词和动词。
unemployment = nation-wide lack of jobs
serious problems = grave issues
“today” = modern society
advantages and/or disadvantages = pros and/or cons
working week = professional schedule
把同义词替换过后的句子:Nation-wide lack of jobs is one of the most grave issues facing modern society. What are the pros and/or cons of reducing the professional schedule to thirty-five hours?
可见,以上改写后的句子并没有改动句子结构,只是单纯地替换其他同义词。当然,我们并不能在开头段直接重述题目,而是应该取其中几个关键词进行改写,最后再重构一下句子:
Nation-wide lack of jobs is one of the most grave issues facing modern society. Some have advocated for a reduction in the professional schedule to a standard thirty-five hours per week. In this essay, I will explore the pros and cons of such a transition, considering its implications for both the workforce and society as a whole.
刚才也强调了除了名词,最应该被替换掉的是动词。比如某一篇小作文中使用了“focusing their time”,我们便可以替换成“devoting their time”、“dedicating their time” 以及 “investing their time”都是可以的,具体要根据情境而定。
如果我们采用替换词改写法,可以参考如下的高频替换词语和句式:
Spending = expenditure
Proportion = percentage = rate (you’re doing pretty good in substituting these words)
Numbers = figures
Income = revenue
Weekly = every week
Fields = aspects = categories = areas = components
Takes up = represents
Paraphrased sentence in the opening paragraph:
The bar chart compares the xxx in terms of yyy
The bar chart depicts/reveals/illustrates…
the chart=the bar table/chart/graph
show=present/illustrate/demonstrate/display
the value of exports=export earnings
different categories= x categories/products (替换词常用方法之一:模糊换成具体,或者具体换成模糊,比如原题中写不同的类别,改写时,我们就把多少个具体写出来)
方法②:语序改写
例1-大作文题目
Unemployment is one of the most serious problems facing developed nations today. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of reducing the working week to thirty-five hour.
沿用刚才大作文的例子:What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of reducing the working week to thirty-five hours? 只要调换语序,就能产生不同的改写方法:
Let’s examine the pros and/or cons of …
Let’s look at the pros and/or cons of …
例2-大作文题目:
Some university students want to learn about other subjects in addition to their main subjects, Others believe it is more important to give all their time and attention to studying for a qualification. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
根据例2的题目来构思开头段,有两种写作方式,只要轻松改动一下语序即可:
The debate over whether university students should focus solely on their major subjects or diversify their learning experience by studying additional subjects has gained prominence.
The prominence of the debate over whether university students should focus solely on their major subjects or diversify their learning experience by studying additional subjects has gained prominence has increased. (把prominence带到句子的最前方)
例3-小作文写作
The crushing process produces small pieces which are then washed before placing them into a machine to make plastic pellets.
Following the crushing process, the resulting small pieces undergo a washing step before they are placed into a machine for the production of plastic pellets.
方法③:换词性
还是以例1为例,“Unemployment” 是个名词,但你完全可以在改写的句子中把它换成形容词。
Unemployment is a serious problem – There are many unemployed people in some countries.
以例3为例,你也可以选择把“washed”这个动词改成“washing”形容词:
... which are then washed before placing them ... – the resulting small pieces undergo a washing step before they are placed.
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