1月20日最新托福考情全面解析，不容错过！
1月20日托福考试落下帷幕
托福考情速递也为大家整理好啦
备考的同学速速集合！
快来看看本场具体考了哪些内容吧
01
阅读
R 1
Sea Turtle Hatchling Strategies for Navigation
海龟说的是小海龟在出生之后，如何寻找到路径游回大海。
因为海龟蛋在刚刚出生的时候是非常脆弱，十分容易受到攻击的，并且也有很多天敌来寻找海龟蛋，因此海龟在生蛋之前，一定要找一个夜里，并且要生在隐蔽的地方。
并且海龟再把海龟蛋生完之后，就马上要爬回大海里，以防有其他的天敌来发现自己以及来破坏海龟蛋。
因此当小海龟出生的时候，其实他的爸爸妈妈是不在周围的，那么就要有一个办法让小海龟找到回到大海里的方法。
首先说的是一个视觉的方法，小海龟其实只能看水平线上，大概30度上下的范围。这样他就能看到大海反射太阳或者月亮的光，这个时候小海龟就会走向这些光亮。超过这个范围，海龟就会被自己天生的遮挡物给遮挡住，并且海龟天生对于黄色不敏感，目的就是为了防止太阳光对于小海龟的影响。而且小海龟对于沙滩的坡度不敏感，因此小海龟无法按照沙滩由上向下的坡度来走回大海。
第二个，海龟蛋往往都没有生在而蔬菜和植物当中，但是原因不清楚，提出了两种假说一种假说，是这些植物的形状容易让小海龟迷失方向。还有一种假说，是这些植物容易阻挡小海龟回到大海的路，但是具体原因不清楚。
第三个，明确知道的一个小海龟游回大海的方法，是逆着海浪的方向来行走，因此小海龟会遇到海浪之后，就会朝着海浪的方向来爬行或者是游动相应的，如果小海龟游到了一片水面很平静的区域，那么小海龟就会迷失方向，有可能在游向岸边。
第四个导航的方法，是用地球的磁场，很有可能小海龟在出生之后，就已经具备这个能力了，他首先先用水平线上的光，来指导自己的方向。然后再接下来再用海浪的方法，指引自己的方向，当这些都失效了之后，小海龟就开始用地球磁场的方法，来指导自己游泳的方向。
R 2
Reconstructing Ancient Environments
02
听力
C 1
一个女生去借书，然后看到了一本她童年读过的书，进人的emotion，她是想要一本历史的东西，但她马上要和她爸妈离开，合适的那本得去library，然后她就上楼拿了一本map
L 1
艺术史课讲授了达·芬奇的一则故事。除了在绘画和雕塑领域研究达·芬奇外，还提到了他作为发明家、科学家、建筑师和工程师的其他领域。教授分享了一个关于达·芬奇的故事，讲述了他对艺术的极端才华、雄心和创新精神。其中包括他的创新想法并非总是成功的例子，如《最后的晚餐》壁画。教授还提到了达·芬奇未完成的项目，其中包括米兰公爵委托的一尊巨大的青铜马雕像。故事涉及到一个人在20世纪未尝试完成达·芬奇未完成的雕像的努力，最终由雕塑家 Nina Akamu完成，展示了过去和现在之间的合作关系
L 2
两次对金星进行 map，比对发现她的自转速度变了，科学家们猜测是它的 core的问题，需要进一步直接去它表面上探测
C 2
男生的画很写实，教授很欣赏他的才华。男生收到一个画家的影响想加入一个社会性的东西进入他的下一个画。教授建议他保留自己的写实风格再加上那些东西
L 3
讲两个会议形式，第一种更高效能更快得出措施，第二种虽然慢但是得出的措施更有创新性。最后说第一种虽然有劣势但在需要大量协作的领域，比如在基因领域，即使是不同的竞争者也会在一起共享数据什么的
03
口语
口语（上午场）
TASK 1
独立口语题
A big company is now considering building a new factory in your city. Some support this because more job opportunities could be created, while others oppose this plan because there will be more pollution. What do you think about this?
TASK 2
校园题
In the reading, the school has decided to change its dormitory overnight guest policy. Firstly, there have been too many external individuals staying in the school dorms, leading to an increase in complaints from local students. Secondly, to reduce this inconvenience, the school has established a rule that non-local students cannot stay in the dorms for more than three nights. Additionally, the school provides a list of nearby hotels to facilitate finding accommodation for these students. However, in the conversation, the man disagrees with the school's decision. Firstly, he believes that roommates can resolve accommodation issues through internal negotiations without the need for the school to implement overly strict policies. He mentions that roommates are usually reasonable and can reach agreements through mutual discussions. Secondly, he points out that people who come to stay overnight typically do not stay for an extended period, so their impact on roommates is not significant. He thinks that people should not overly worry about this aspect. Furthermore, the nearby hotels have relatively high prices, and requiring overnight guests to stay in hotels may result in fewer visits from their friends.
TASK 3
学术讲座题
The Predictive Adaptation Hypothesis suggests that organisms, after experiencing specific stressful environments, enhance their abilities to better adapt to similar future scenarios. Scientists conducted an experiment using bees to test this hypothesis. One group of bees experienced food scarcity in their early stages, while another group had abundant food during their early development. In adulthood, both groups faced a test involving short-term food scarcity. The results indicated that bees that experienced food scarcity in their early stages were more efficient in utilizing food under these conditions, whereas those with abundant early food supply were more prone to starvation. This experiment supports the idea of predictive adaptation, showcasing how past experiences influence an organism's adaptation to future challenges.
TASK 4
学术讲座题
Nostalgia has two benefits. Firstly, recalling positive and pleasant past experiences can provide emotional relief and calmness. When dealing with conflicts between people, life stressors can trigger negative emotions like anger. However, reflecting on fond memories helps individuals to regain composure. For instance, resolving a disagreement with a close friend by reminiscing about a past concert they attended together successfully diffuses anger and fosters reconciliation. Secondly, nostalgia serves as a coping mechanism for loneliness. An example is a professor feeling lonely after their child moved to another city for work. By looking at old photos, the professor can evoke positive emotions, restoring a sense of joy and positivity. Additionally, in the context of biological control, nostalgia's long-term impact on self-reproduction of natural enemies has resulted in significant cost savings, amounting to millions of dollars.
口语（下午场）
TASK 1
独立口语题
Some people prefer to be constantly busy and always have something to do. Others prefer not to be busy all the time but to spend some periods of time doing nothing. Which approach do you think is better? Explain why.
TASK 2
校园题
School administrators propose the installation of water filling machines for two purposes: firstly, to encourage students to use their own cups to fill and drink water instead of buying bottled water, thus reducing plastic pollution; secondly, to promote students' health by encouraging them to choose water over sugary or caffeine drinks. However, in the listening, the boy expresses doubt that this proposition will achieve the expected results. Firstly, students purchase water due to its convenience, as they simply need to enter a store, select a bottle of water, drink it, and dispose of it. They do not pay particular attention to whether the cup is disposable or not. However, requiring students to carry their own cups is inconvenient for them, as they would have to bring them every day.Thus, not many students would be willing to do this. Additionally, water filling machines are unlikely to alter the students' habits, as they prefer flavored water, sweet drinks, or beverages that provide alertness. Consequently, even if the filling machines are available, they would not be utilized.
TASK 3
学术讲座题
The concept of Allee Effects, which refers to the population size in an area decreasing to a point where it cannot recover, potentially leading to the extinction of a species in that area, is exemplified by the case of Sea Urchins. The listening passage mentions sea urchins as an example to demonstrate how even if only adult sea urchins are captured, it would still result in the disappearance of all sea urchins in that particular area. This is because baby sea urchins rely on attaching themselves to the spines of adult sea urchins for protection. If humans excessively fish adult sea urchins, the baby sea urchins will be unable to find shelter from predators, such as sharks. Consequently, this disrupts the natural cycle and ultimately leads to the extinction of sea urchins in that specific location. Therefore, this example highlights the interconnectedness between Allee Effects, where the decline in the adult population has adverse effects on the survival and reproduction of offspring, ultimately jeopardizing the entire population's existence in that area.
TASK 4
学术讲座题
The professor discusses two advantages of centralizing businesses in downtown areas, illustrated by a bakery. Firstly, centralization offers convenience to customers due to the abundance of public transportation options found in downtown areas. For instance, I recall a bakery in my hometown located far from the city center, resulting in limited customer traffic due to the lack of accessible public transportation. However, the owner made the strategic decision to open a new store in the downtown district where many people rely on subways and buses for transportation. Consequently, the number of customers significantly increased. Secondly, there is a clustering effect created by the presence of various shops selling different products in one area, which attracts more potential customers. Returning to the example of the bakery, after relocating to the city center, the owner observed that many customers would visit neighboring establishments for food or dinner before dropping by their bakery for items like pastries. This demonstrates how the existence of other shops entices customers to explore multiple businesses in the vicinity, benefiting all parties involved.
04
写作
写作(上午场)
综合写作
The reading and listening passages revolve around the recent proposal to allow cruise ship travel in the Canadian Arctic waterways. The reading passage presents concerns about potential dangers and negative impacts on the environment and local communities, while the listening passage refutes these concerns.
Firstly, the article suggests that opening up Arctic waterways for cruise ships is seen as risky due to the presence of ice sheets and icebergs that are difficult to detect and avoid, posing a danger to passengers. In contrast, the listening passage dismisses this concern by introducing research ships capable of breaking through ice sheets and equipped with emergency measures such as helicopters that can scout the route, making it easy to avoid icebergs.
Furthermore, the reading passage highlights the pollution caused by the ships' fuel, specifically the soot emitted by engines left on ice, which is harmful to the local environment. On the other hand, the speaker in the listening passage offers a different perspective by mentioning the use of new fuel containing less sulfur and producing less soot. Moreover, it is suggested that the substance released is actually beneficial to the environment because when passengers witness the melting ice and the subsequent shrinking habitats for Arctic animals, they become more aware of global warming and advocate for its prevention.
Lastly, the reading passage expresses concern that the large number of passengers disembarking for tourism activities may inconvenience and annoy local communities. However, the lecturer counters this claim by explaining that it would be more appropriate to use small ships that carry a limited number of tourists. Additionally, it is suggested that only smaller groups of tourists should be allowed to visit one community at a time, both of which can effectively reduce annoyance to local residents and promote the local economy. As a result, each community would only receive a few passengers at a time.
学术讨论
Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor's question.
In your response, you should do the following.
Express and support your opinion.
Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Dr. Achebe
As teachers play an invaluable role in shaping young minds and preparing students for the future, there is an ongoing discussion regarding their compensation. Some argue that teachers should be paid salaries comparable to other high-earning professionals like doctors, lawyers and business executives. Do you agree or disagree that teachers deserve salaries on par with these professions? Please explain your viewpoint.
Claire
Teachers should receive salaries on par with other high-earning professionals. They work long hours preparing lessons, grading assignments, and supporting students. Without good teachers, we wouldn't have doctors, lawyers, and executives. If we want to attract the best talent to this invaluable profession, we must compensate teachers accordingly. My favorite teachers inspired me and contributed greatly to my success.
Andrew
I don't think teachers deserve the same high salaries as doctors or lawyers. Teachers get so much time off, with summer vacations and other long breaks. My aunt is a teacher and she's always posting on Facebook about trips she takes or sleeping in during vacations. With all that time off, teachers shouldn't earn salaries on par with year-round demanding professions.
写作(下午场)
综合写作
Orcas, also known as killer whales, are marine mammals that live in communities. One of these communities, called the Southern Resident, is located near the Pacific coast of North America and has been experiencing a steady decline in recent years. It is likely that they will eventually disappear completely. The reading presents three hypotheses that attempt to explain this decline, but the listening disagrees with the arguments put forth in the reading, considering them not persuasive enough.
First, the author suggests that industrial chemicals, such as PCB, might be inhibiting the whales' ability to reproduce, resulting in the declining population. However, the lecturer disputes this claim, stating that PCB cannot be considered the main cause of this phenomenon. While PCB could potentially affect the orcas, it remains unclear whether it is specifically impacting their reproduction. orcas are not the only community living in the area; there are other communities that coexist. orcas have a unique diet, primarily consisting of small fish like salmon, whereas other whales mainly feed on larger prey like seals. Larger fish tend to contain higher levels of PCB compared to smaller fish, yet the PCB does not seem to have an effect on these other fish. This suggests that PCB is not the main reason for the decline.
Second, the passage suggests that excessive noise from watching boats in the whales' environment could be affecting their echolocation abilities. However, the listening material presents contradictory evidence, stating that the noise does not harm the orcas. Recent research involving sensors placed on whales to measure the sounds they hear from boats indicates that the noise is not loud and is comparable to the sound of rainstorms, a natural occurrence for the whales. Therefore, the noise made by watching boats is unlikely to impact the orcas' echolocation abilities.
Finally, the article claims that bacterial infections could be causing the decline in the Southern Resident orcas population. In contrast, the lecture argues that animals have the ability to tolerate certain bacteria without falling ill. To determine if bacteria is indeed affecting the orcas, observable signs such as difficulty breathing or damaged lungs would need to be present. However, the lecture points out that orcas continue to swim freely, indicating that they are not experiencing any harm from bacterial infections. Thus, the lecturer challenges the author's argument once again.
学术讨论
Your professor is teaching a class on business management. Write a post responding to the professor's question.
In your response, you should do the following.
Express and support your opinion.
Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Doctor Diaz
Diversity and inclusion have become crucial considerations for modern workplaces. Employers are increasingly recognizing the value of recruiting individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds and genders. However, there is an ongoing debate about the potential positive or negative impacts of such recruitment practices while also maintaining gender balance within the workforce. Let me ask you: do you think such recruitment practices mainly bring positive or negative impacts?
Claire
Well, I think diversity recruitment can bring about a wealth of benefits to organizations. It can lead to the creation of a more innovative, adaptable, and creative workforce, as individuals from different backgrounds bring in varying perspectives and experiences.
Paul
In my opinion, recruiting individuals from diverse backgrounds may lead to potential challenges such as cultural differences, misunderstandings, and communication barriers. There may be a lack of understanding about certain taboos or norms, creating friction and hindering effective collaboration within the workforce.
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