托福考试回顾 | 7月21日
1.Writing
综合写作
主题：微生物是否来自于外星(whether the bacteria travelled to Earth from other planets)
托福阅读部分：
1. Although an asteroid collision could help bacteria leave the planet of origin, rocks would be heated so much that bacteria inside probably died. 撞击的岩石温度太高，细菌被烤死了。
2. Due to the lack of nutrients and constant radiation, it’s impossible for bacteria to survive a long journey. 由于缺少营养以及辐射，细菌活不久。
3. Bacteria would be destroyed under high temperature and pressure of impact when entering into Earth’s atmosphere. 进入地球摩擦时的高温高压会使细菌毁灭。
托福听力部分：
1. Under the influence of shock waves, bacteria in the rock could be thrown into space and still kept alive. 由于碰撞的波动，一部分离得远的细菌并没有死亡。
2. It’s highly likely for bacteria to keep alive through the space travel because they could protect themselves against harsh conditions. 细菌可以保护自己不受恶劣环境伤害。
3. According to a test done by scientists, the harsh circumstance would not kill all bacteria. 经过测试，细菌在一些情况下是打不死的“小强”。
学术讨论
公司员工晋升标准
Dr. Diaz
Criteria for promotion may include employees' performance and achievements in their current roles, seniority within the company, years of experience in the field, or even leadership potential. In today's post, I would like you to discuss which criteria for promotion you see as the most important and explain why.
Student A: Andrew
I believe that when considering promotions, managers should reward employees' seniority, or how many years they have stayed with the company.
Student B: Claire
In my opinion, it is more important to look at employees' job performance. If employees are excelling in their current roles, this better indicates their readiness for the next step in their careers.
因学点评
本题源自于去年10月家考，题目考察的是职场话题。难度不是太高。两位学生从工作年限以及工作能力进行讨论，也是我们容易想到的理由。在写作的过程中，我们可以选其中一个点，并进行深化。
同意Andrew：
1. First, if an employee has worked for a long time, he often has a deep understanding of the company’s operations and culture.
2. Also, experienced employees are often well-positioned to mentor and train newer staff, passing on their knowledge and expertise.
同意Claire：
1. First, it’s unfair to overstress the value of seniority. For the young, they could be discouraged from making any effort to excel at work as there is no hope to surpass the senior.
2. In addition, only achievements are the tangible proof of an employee’s contributions to the organization.
开放式选择（leadership 领导力）:
1. To begin with, organizations need leaders who can drive future growth and inspire their teams.
2. Moreover, employees with leadership potential often possess the ability to influence others and motivate their peer.
2
Speaking
Task 1
Some people like to celebrate their birthday or holidays with large gatherings or parties. Other people prefer to celebrate in quieter ways, alone or with just a few people.
Which do you prefer? Explain why.
因学点评
本次托福考试的口语部分和6月26日的完全一致，所以我们说要多对于近期考试内容做一些了解以及对应练习是十分有必要的。
参考范文：
I prefer to celebrate my birthday or holidays alone or with just a few people. Firstly, birthdays and holidays are important occasions that I want to share with people who know and care about me the most. They know my preferences, so they will plan the party in a way that is the most appealing to me. For example, knowing that I find a good movie and good food indispensable on my birthday, my loved ones will spare no effort to give me what I want. Secondly, spending time with people I love during birthdays and holidays gives me a precious opportunity to show my gratitude for them. On birthdays, for instance, I’d like to thank my parents, especially my mom, for always being there for me no matter what happens.
Task 2
阅读：丢掉餐车
1. 学生将垃圾丢在餐车附近，不整洁。
2. 餐车卖的都是垃圾食品，对学生健康不好。
托福听力为反对态度
理由：
1. 设置几个垃圾桶就可以解决垃圾的问题。
2. 餐车也卖水果，果汁等健康食品。
Task 3
Shared-Cost Effect--- When customers choosing a product are responsible for another person or organization, they are more willing to choose something more expensive
举例：
以面向出差人群的酒店为例。这些酒店不会强调自己价格低廉，而是会强调自己有足够的办公设施供出差人群使用。
Task 4
粘质如何对某些树木有帮助 (marcescens指枯黄的树叶不在秋冬掉落，而在春天掉落的现象。)
1. 树叶春天掉落会给树木提供额外的养分。比如年轻的橡树，由于根系还不发达，它们非常需要树叶在春天给它们提供的营养。
2. 阻止树木被食草动物吃掉。比如山毛榉树，冬天，它们枯黄的树叶会改变树的口感和味道，从而降低它们被鹿吃掉的概率。
3.Listening
对话：
1. 学生询问如何研究所分配的国家经济
2. 和校长商量关于学生们对节约能源用太阳能的诉求
讲座：
1. 艺术史，文艺复兴时期艺术家与买家之间的合同制度
2. 生物学，企鹅的群体行为
3. 地质学，地球层次
4.Reading
1. 早期食物生产
2. 木星的卫星
3. 人口增长历史
4. 青蛙真菌感染
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