托福听力:lecture并列型分析,快收藏!
为了帮助大家备考托福听力,提高托福成绩。今天为大家分享的是托福听力lecture并列型分析,希望能给大家的托福听力带来帮助。
托福听力lecture并列型分析,你学会了吗?
之前我们介绍了托福听力lecture的并列型结构,一般是围绕某一个主题并列平行展开去讲解。这类结构没有之前我们见到的直线型结构那么好区分,因为他没有明显的表示时间地点人物的信号词,但是这种结构类型是我们TPO和考试中出现的比较多的结构类型。我们这次分析一篇按并列结构分层的一篇文章
今天我们以TPO34-L2为例,给大家讲解一下。
At the end of yesterday’s class,we were discussing landfills and the hundreds of millions of tons of everyday garbage which are deposited into them each year in the United States.It’s a growing problem!Quite simply,we are running out of space to put our garbage.And this is especially true for solid organic waste:food scraps from home or food processing plants,waste from farms,that sort of thing.Did you know that two thirds of the waste sitting in our landfills is organic material?We have government recycling programs for materials like plastics,glass and metal,yet widespread solutions for organic waste materials haven’t really been addressed in the United States.I think this is just asking for trouble in the future.首先这篇文章先描述了上节课所讲述的内容,landfill这种垃圾处理的方式,并且详细描述了这种方式的不足之处,从而引出后面的主题,一种新的垃圾处理的方法APS
So today I want to talk about a technology that offers a potential solution to the problem—Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion,or APS digestion.
First of all,what does anaerobic mean?Anyone?
Without oxygen?老师和学生以问答的形式开始讨论今天的新内容Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion,
Correct!APS digestion uses anaerobic bacteria,ones that thrive in the absence of oxygen,to consume,to break down organic material.所谓的Anaerobic就是没有氧气,这种生词的处理方式我们之前是讲到很多遍的,不需要纠结生词的字母意思,但是后面的解释一定要听清楚。
Excuse me.Professor.Um…those anaerobic bacteria you are talking about…well,aren’t anaerobic bacteria also used in waste water treatment plants?紧接着学生提出了疑问,这点非常重要相当于指出了第二种处理垃圾的方式,这点是同学们很容易忽略掉的一点:以前曾经用这种方式去处理废水
Yes.They are.Would you like to explain this to the class?老师以问题的方式引出学生的回答
Sure!So when waste water is treated,one of the byproducts is a thick liquid called sludge.And aren’t anaerobic bacteria used to break down the sludge?
That’s right.Anaerobic bacteria have been used in waste water treatment for decades.
So how is this technology different?在这里很明显的要讲到这两种方式的不同之处。并且将会在后面的信息中讲到之前这种方式的缺点
But there was always a problem.这里明确提出的缺点
In order to process the solid waste,the kind we find in landfills,you had to pretreat the solids to turn them into sludge.
First,by breaking the material apart mechanically into small particles and then adding a lot of water until you got a kind of thick,soupy mix that the equipment could handle.But that extra step took time and required a lot of energy.后面的信息还是用到我们之前所说的列举的方式举出,这种方式不仅耗费能量耗费时间还会耗费金钱,这个部分也在题目中有体现
That sounds like it would cost a lot.
That’s right.But APS digestion is designed specifically to handle solid waste.So it is much more cost-effective.
The new technology processes organic waste in two phases.Remember,APS stands for Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion.这里就正事提了新的科技并且还是同样按照列举的方式解释了他的两个phase两个阶段,列举的方式又再一次体现在了题目中
First,the waste material is loaded into a large,closed container,along with different types of anaerobic bacteria.The bacteria break the solids down into acids and hydrogen gas.The hydrogen is extracted and the remaining acids are transferred into a different container for the second phase of the process.There another type of bacteria converts the acids into methane gas.在这里用页数语气的方式提出了跟之前的想法不同的新的内容,所产生的methane甲烷其实是没有害处的,因为它不会释放那大气中。同样体现在了题目中。
Aren’t hydrogen and methane gas bad for the environment though?
The answer in this case is no,because they don’t escape into the atmosphere.The gases are captured and can be burned to produce electricity,which saves a lot of money and ultimately decreases our need for fuels like petroleum and coal,which are not only expensive but are also polluting.
So organic waste from landfills could be processed this way?文章的最后就讲到了这种方式的优点
It is certainly one possibility.And APS digestion systems are very versatile.They can be installed just about anywhere.See,anaerobic digestion systems used at waste water treatment plants are huge tanks that hold thousands of gallons of waste water.But the APS containers are small enough to be set up on site,where the waste is generated,like at food processing plants or on farms.So garbage doesn’t have to be transported long distances.这个部分的有点描述继续以列举的方法进行描述:1.方便安装2.不用长距离的运输废品3.所产生的甲烷还可以去产生新的能源。
关于托福听力lecture的文章案例解析就先跟同学们分享到这里,如果同学们对托福考试感兴趣,请点击此处咨询详情。当然也提醒正在备考当中的同学们,一定要记得在托福阅读备考当中,注意总结方法,而不是以为刷题,这样复习效果会提升的快一些。
托福听力备考之词汇背诵重点解读
发音的重要性
考生需要认识到的是对于读音来说光记住发音规则并没有用,关键要学会实践,我们往往会在看到单词的时候才能想到适用的是什么规则,但这对于做题为时已晚,所以必须习惯听各种发音习惯,而不是靠规则去套。
除了口音,托福听力词汇本身的读音当然要重视,这不仅关系到单词的理解,还会影响到自己的口头表达和书写。背单词时应该尽量用听的形式熟悉词汇,形成听觉的敏感,而不仅仅是视觉上的敏感,这样的话在听到单词时就不需要去反应单词的形状从而再从翻译的角度去理解,而是直接的理解了,这对于内容繁多的托福考试来说是非常重要的。
拼写的重要性
虽然新托福听力考试对写单词并没有要求,但考生也不能因此忽视拼写。一方面写作需要拼写,另一方面听力考试需要做笔记,如果考生对单词都不熟悉,就无法快速写下有效信息,把时间浪费在思考单词上,或者写完后才发现自己很多都只写了单词的部分,想不起来究竟写了什么,这样的笔记就白做了。
另外,考生在记单词拼写的时候还是需要结合读音,根据音节记单词,把单词拆分成一小部分一小部分。这样不仅能使记忆深刻,牢固,还可以让考生了解字母不同组合的发音习惯。当考试时遇到生词就可以根据大致读音记下来,有了单词的基本形状,等题目出现的时候就能找到对应的信息了。
托福听力备考之跟读是关键
想想看,在中文中如果出现专业词汇,并不会影响我们对于整句或整篇文章的理解,在托福阅读中,偶尔出现的专业词汇也不会导致我们理解不了阅读意思。那么,为什么这些偶尔出现的专业词汇会影响我们的听力理解呢?答案只有一个,就是我们的听力能力不够。英语听写可以帮助我们检阅我们英语听力的弱点,而跟读则可以帮助我们克服这些弱点,从而真正提高托福听力。
我们在英语听写的过程中,可以发现自己的听力弱点:
1、对某些特定的话题听不懂,那么说明你在这方面的专业词汇积累的相对较少,所以要加强。
2、对于听力中的句子听不懂,那么可能的问题有语法逻辑,语音现象,比如连读轻读弱读。
3、对于听力中的词汇听不懂,可能的问题有词汇不熟悉,发音不熟悉。
而跟读可以很好的解决这些问题.因为跟读要求最终结果是能够脱离文字并尽可能的模仿原文的语音语调。
首先,对于专业词汇的不懂,经过长期的跟读就会慢慢积累词汇。
其次,对于听不懂的句子,一般跟读也会很不顺畅,踏实的进行跟读,首先能够熟悉英文的逻辑思维。
然后,由于跟读要求对语音语调完全模仿,所以可以克服对语音现象不熟悉导致的听不懂。
最后,跟读是要说英语的,跟读的熟悉了,自然而然就能开口说英语了,对于备考托福的同学们,跟读可以同时提高托福听力和托福口语,何乐而不为!
托福听力中跟读有利于培养和提高学生学习英语兴趣,但要持之以恒。如果过程中你实在觉得这个复杂,那么就听多遍之后跟着感觉走吧。总之对于托福听力,只要一步步按计划走,坚持不懈的练习与总结经验,相信你一定会拿下高分。
托福听力备考之常用的习语
1.break new ground创新、突破的意思
His architectural design broke new ground in the field.(他的建筑设计是这个领域里的创新。)
例:
As Google continues to break new ground at a tremendous rate,perhaps the button will give some impact on the Nostalgic.
谷歌一直都在以惊人的速度创新,但是移除这个按钮可能会对一些怀旧的人产生影响。
2.do the trick做成功;达到理想的结果
——I’ve been trying to get the furnace started,but I can’t find the right switch.(我尽力想让炉子燃起来,可不知道该按哪个键。)
——Here,I believe this one in the back will do the trick.(这里,我相信后面按这个键,可以让炉子燃起来。)
例:
If your friends are too busy to meet for lunch,a short phone call can do the trick要是你的朋友太忙而无法一起吃午饭,一个简短的电话也能起到很好的效果。
3.drag one's feet行动缓慢;磨磨蹭蹭不情愿
——How’s Bob coming along on his dissertation proposal?(Bob的论文计划进展地怎么样了?)
——He’s really been dragging his feet.(他很磨蹭的。)
例如:一个百货公司的雇员正在罢工,要求增加工资。这个公司的经理说:
The union is dragging its feet on agreeing to a settlement.They think the company is getting desperate to get people back to work because Christmas is coming and that's our busiest time of year.
工会拖拖拉拉地不肯就解决方案达成协议。他们认为,公司一定会迫不及待地要雇员回去工作,因为圣诞节快来了,这是我们一年最忙的时候。
4.draw the line拒绝,拒不容忍
——Paul expects me to clean the room every week.(Paul想让我每周打扫房间。)
——That’s where I draw the line.(可是我绝对不会答应的。)
例如:Where do you draw the line between open discussion of project expectations,including the failure or perceived failure of initial project goals,and potentially disastrous opinion-making?
项目预期的开放讨论的界线如何确定呢(包括最初项目目标的失败或感受到的失败和潜在的灾难性观点)?
5.feel down in the dumbrs心情不好;情绪低落
——Kate was really feeling down in the dumbrs about her latest chemistry assignment.
(Kate为最近的化学作业成绩感到很沮丧。)
I burned midnight oil yesterday.So I feel down in the dumbrs today.
我昨天晚上熬夜了。今天我打不起精神。
例如:
If they do feel down in the dumbrs though,they are also more likely to turn to a general brractitioner rather than family for helbr.
如果他们确实感到抑郁,他们也更倾向于向普通科医师而不是家人求助。
6.few and far between不多;少而分散的;不常碰到或发现的;稀少的
——Steve is really a terrific guy.(Steve真是不简单。)
——He sure is.Ones like him are few and far between.(当然。像他那样的人可不多见。)
例如:If you wait for inspiration to slap you in the face,your work sessions will be few and far between.
对于一些俗语的托福词汇,我们要多加总结,并要认真背诵,这对你的托福考试将大有益处。相信大家一定有所收获,希望能在备考的路上助大家一臂之力。最后,小编预祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩。
以下这些是小编整理出来的习语,童鞋们要好好背下来哦!
1.take a rain check改天吧
2.lost count弄不清楚
3.be in another world精神恍惚;魂不守舍
4.make yourself at home随意,随便
5.save your breath省口气吧,别白费口舌了
6.make sense有意义,理解
7.cost sb.an arm and a leg非常昂贵
8.burn a hole in one's pocket很快地被花光
9.fill one's shoes很好地顶替;令人满意地替代
10.Is ice cold?表示理所当然
11.like apples and oranges用来表示无法相比的事物
12.look for a needle in a hay stack大海劳针
13.lose one's train of忘记
14.meet each other half way相互妥协,让步
15.on the dot准时,正点
16.once and for all最后一次;干脆
17.out of earshot不在听力所及范围
18.out of this world非常好
19.play by ear随即应变;视情形而定
20.ring a bell令人想起某件事;听起来耳熟
21.share a common outlook有共同的观点
22.six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两
23.stick around在附近逗留或等待
24.stick with继续做,坚持
25.straighten out扯平;结清
26.toss and turn[身体]翻来覆去[通常表示难以入睡]
27.turn one's back[在别人遇到困难时]不愿帮助
28,under the weather身体不适,生病
29.bite off more thanone can chew贪多嚼不烂;
心有余而力不足;不自量力,力不从心
30.break new ground创新
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