2月15日托福考试综合写作回顾
年后第一场周六，托福考生奉献了一场蓄谋已久的大戏。史无前例的投入了将近10套阅读听力以及3套口写。今后阅读听力究竟有几套尚未可知，但是相信今后的托福考试都会以3套口写为基础投放。这几天也翻看了同行对于这场考试的回顾，让我们看看托福考试综合写作都出了哪些题目
综合写作
主题：独角鲸为什么会有长牙？
阅读部分：
1. In order to freely hunt in waters, the narwhal would use tusk to break the ice to get access to air and several eyewitnesses have reported that phenomenon. 破冰。
2. Some observers have seen aggressive clashing between male narwhals, so the tusk might serve as a weapon for fighting with other males for territory. 捍卫领土。
3. Since the surface of the tusk comprises small holes connected to nerves, the tusk functions as a sensor to detect ocean properties, which would be an important adaption to survival. 探测器，是生存的重要工具。
听力部分：
1. The truth is that the tusk will bend about 30 centimeters in any direction when being applied pressure. What happened was that narwhals sticked their heads out of the water in places where the ice sheet had begun to break up. 加压容易弯曲，无法破冰。
2. People who observe narwhals close enough give different accounts, which is actually related to tusk rubbing. 长牙主要是通过摩擦进行相互交流。
3. Scientists fail to take female narwhals into consideration because very few females possess the structure. It doesn’t make sense that female narwhals don’t have tusks if the function of the tusk is to provide ocean properties for survival. 雌性鲸鱼没有牙，无法解释是为了生存。
学术讨论
自行车可以成为城市交通的未来吗？
The widespread use of cars in urban areas causes traffic jams on city streets. One proposal to solve this and associated problems is to return to the primary mode: bicycle. Do you think bicycles are the future of urban transit? Why or why not?
Student A : Andrew
I don’t think the government should push bicycles as the main solution. In today’s world, we should be looking to technology to fix traffic issues, not going back to primitive methods.
Student B : Claire
I think the government should definitely encourage more people to use bicycles, even if they can’t completely replace cars. Bicycles can really help with traffic congestion and cutting down carbon emissions.
因学点评
同意Andrew
1. To begin with, bicycles aren't always practical for every trip. When it comes to long distances or transporting heavy goods, bicycles become less efficient and convenient compared to cars. 对于长距离以及运输货物是不现实的。
2. In addition, there are still issues around bike infrastructure in many cities, which hinder the widespread adoption of bicycles as a primary mode of transport. 围绕自行车的配套设施不足。
同意Claire
1. For one thing, they offer a more efficient way to navigate through traffic than cars. 穿梭繁忙城市会更加有效。
2. Also, cycling is much more eco-friendly than driving. As we all know, a major benefit of cycling is its reduction in carbon emissions. 和汽车相比的确更加环保，因为它没有碳排放。
第二套
综合写作
主题：工厂崛起的原因
阅读部分：
1. Factories rose because of technological advances happening during Industrial Revolution. 技术革新。
2. Since private property in Britain received more legal protection, business owners would feel safe to make investment in factories. 有所有权法保护。
3. Unlike cottage system which required high cost, factories would help reduce transportation expenses. 可以减少运输成本。
听力部分：
1. Early factories were just places where workers could work together. Those workers used the same equipment as cottage workers. 早期工厂只不过就是大家一起工作的地方，大家设备没差别。
2. Other places which owned property right didn’t develop factory system like Britain did. 其他有所有权法的国家也没有发展工厂。
3. The expenses increased with the rise of factory system because factories required a lot of money to build and run. 费用没有降低，建造和运营也很贵。
学术讨论
金钱奖励高分的优缺点
Some of these parents offer their children a little money to achieve good score. What do you think could be one benefit or one drawback of such financial incentives?
Student A : Andrew
I don’t think paying kids for good grades is a great idea. Sure, it might work in the short term, but it can send the wrong message about why they should be learning.
Student B : Claire
I think giving kids money for good grades can be a good motivator. It gives them a clear reason to focus on their studies.
因学点评
讨论优点：provide immediate motivation for students who lack interest in studying
1. First, it encourages increased focus and effort. 鼓励学生增加投入和努力。
2. Moreover, the financial reward can help build a positive association with education. 逐步建立对于学习的积极态度。
讨论缺点：undermine intrinsic motivation in the long run.
1. For one thing, when children become dependent on external rewards, they would shift their focus from inherent value of learning to the pursuit of money. 过度依赖金钱激励就会仅仅认为学习是为了钱。
2. In addition, despite a boost to motivation in the short term, financial rewards may lead to long-term disinterest once the incentives are removed. 一旦没有金钱刺激，就会对学习失去兴趣。
第三套
综合写作
主题：Anasazi 离开自己家乡的原因（战争还是干旱）
阅读部分：
1. Before disappearance of Anasazi, some important locations such as ceremonial place were destroyed by fire, which reveals a war broke out in Anasazi homes. 一些重要宗教场所被焚毁，说明发生了战争。
2. Since Anasazi left behind all their things in the homes, it’s highly possible that they were driven out by force. 没有带自己的随身物品，可能是被迫离开。
3. Because Anasazi had built irrigation system to guarantee their water supply during expansion, chances are that they were eliminated by neighbors from a dispute over water access. 由于拥有灌溉系统，可能是因为出于水资源的矛盾而被驱逐了。
听力部分：
1. Ritual burning of places is a common feature for many cultures since it has symbolic meaning. 焚烧祭坛是很多文化的常见特征，说明不会再回来而已。
2. The attackers would take away artifacts of the people being attacked. However, no one did this. The reasonable explanation is that Anasazi people left their possessions out of their own choices. 进攻者会带走战利品，而这些东西还留着的原因就是Anasazi离开是出自自己选择。
3. It is the large population that made Anasazi vulnerable to water shortage and finally abandoned their homes for new sites. 大量的人口让Anasazi 有了水资源危机而离开。
学术讨论
成年的标志是年龄还是其他因素？
In some countries, adulthood begins at the age of eighteen. In other countries, twenty-one is the time for adulthood. Do you believe that adulthood begins at a certain age or that other reasons determine when adulthood begins? Why?
Student A : Andrew
I think twenty-one should be the age that marks adulthood. Most eighteen-year-olds are still in school and rely a lot on their parents for emotional and financial support.
Student B : Claire
I don’t think we should define adulthood by a specific age. Maturity and responsibility are different for everyone, and some people are ready to take on adult roles much earlier.
因学点评
同意18岁可以界定成年
1. First, it’s the age many countries set for legal adulthood such as voting or joining the military. 18岁到达了法定年龄。
2. Moreover, eighteen might make more sense because that’s when people typically reach greater emotional and social maturity. 18岁，人们通常会在情绪上以及社会责任上更加成熟。
同意Claire
1. First, maturity varies from person to person, which mostly depends on people’s experiences and challenges. 成熟的界定由于受到个人经历不同，也是因人而异的。
2. Also, the idea of adulthood isn't just about reaching a specific age but also about making informed decisions or taking on responsibilities. 一个人进入成人时期首先要看他是否可以独自做决定以及承担责任。
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