泰晤士高等教育2019世界大学排名：清华成亚洲第一

标签：高考发布时间：2018-09-27 14:27:42 文章来源：泰晤士高等教育

　泰晤士高等教育本周公布了其 2019 年世界大学排名。

　　这份最终年度排行版第15年对全球超过1250所高等教育机构进行了排名（去年仅为1100多所），涉及86个国家（去年为81个国家），使其成为有史以来最具竞争力的排名之一。本次排名亮点如下：

　　• 中国大陆出现新的第一名：清华大学在全球排名中首次超越北京大学

　　• 清华大学超越新加坡国立大学成为亚洲高校之首

　　• 美国连续第15年在最终全球排名中占主导地位，但中国继续迅速崛起；随着全球竞争加剧，欧洲、美国和澳大利亚出现停滞迹象；日本超越英国成为高效入围数量第二的国家

　　• 牛津大学连续第三年获得最高排名；剑桥大学保持第二

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前50名（图片源于北美留学生日报）

　　中国大陆今年在该荣誉名单中出现了新的第一名，同时也是2011年以来的最高排名。

　　清华大学上升八名，排名第22，在全球排名中首次超越北京大学成为中国大陆新的第一名，北京大学下降四名，排名第31。清华大学取代新加坡国立大学成为亚洲排名第一的高校，这是自2011年以来中国高校按照现有评比方法首次获此排名。清华大学是全球前30名中名次提升最快的高校，今年还超越了伦敦政治经济学院和纽约大学，并在研究方面（数量、收入和声誉）荣获全球第六，超越了美国普林斯顿大学、耶鲁大学和麻省理工学院。其名次上升主要是由于其教学环境得到了改善，而北京大学名次下降主要是由于竞争的加剧和研究收入的下降。

　　中国大陆同时也是全球高校入围数量第四的国家，从去年的63所高校增加到72所高校。中国大陆今年有七所高校入围了前200名，并且出现了几位表现突出的高校。其排名最高的新入围高校深圳南方科技大学在2011年才刚刚成立，首次进入全球前350名，被引影响力（研究影响力）一项得分尤高。

　　与此同时，浙江大学(分数线,专业设置)由于教学环境和学习环境得到改善，研究收入和行业收入增长，研究数量和国际学生比例增加，名次上升76名，排名第101。南开大学(分数线,专业设置)也是首次入围的高校，排名在351名到400名之间，这主要是因为其研究影响力一项得分较高。

　　与此同时，尽管全球竞争加剧，香港六所代表高校中有四所高校排名出现了上升，有五所高校连续第三年前跻身200名。其排名第一的高校香港大学由于教学环境一项得分显著提高，名次上升四名，排名第36，超越了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学和伦敦国王学院。卡塔尔大学与香港城市大学国际视野（国际员工和学生的比例、国际合著）一项全球并列第一。台湾有32所高校入围今年的全球排名（去年为31所），但大多数高校排名保持不变或有所下降。

　　泰晤士高等教育全球排名编辑总监Phil Baty表示，“中国已经将其高校作为其国家经济增长战略的重中之重，并逐年获益。清华大学和北京大学已经跻身世界顶尖高校之列，而中国南方科技大学仅成立七年，就已经进入了全球前350名。这对首次入围者来说是一项了不起的成绩，但南方科技大学却做到了。

　　“中国成功的秘诀——提升其国际视野和加强其全球伙伴关系，持续加大对顶尖高校的投资，将重点放在吸引和留住全球顶尖人才上——正在提升其全球声誉和影响力，其他新兴国家已经开始纷纷效仿。这些国家在未来几年很可能会挑战英美国家一直以来在排名中的主导地位。”

　　他补充道，“相比之下，美国、欧洲和澳大利亚等传统权力区域正在受到不断深化的削减和不断滋长的孤立主义的影响。在这些情况下保持当前卓越标准是不可持续的。并且，在全球竞争日益加剧的情况下，我们再次看到已经建立的据点出现停滞和略微下降的迹象，但也有个别取得成功。随着东亚大学的排名不断上升，旧精英的未来将依赖于强大的投资，以及使高校可以吸引和留住国际顶尖人才的积极政策。”

　　泰晤士高等教育2019年世界大学排名全球综述

　　前10

　　牛津大学连续第三年排名第一，同时在研究方面（数量、收入和声誉）高居榜首。剑桥大学保持第二，而美国斯坦福大学稳居第三。麻省理工学院名次上升一名，排名第四，但加州理工学院排名从去年的并列第三下降到第五位，但是该大学教学一项（学习环境）排名第一。耶鲁大学是前20名中名次提升最快的高校，上升四名，进入前10名，排名第八。

　　美国和加拿大

　　美国继续占主导地位，但随着全球竞争加剧、资金削减和移民政策收紧，美国、欧洲和澳大利亚出现停滞迹象。

　　美国仍然是排行榜上入围高校数量最多的国家，入围高校数量从157所增加到172所。但其大多数高校——其中130所——排名下降或保持不变。虽然该国继续在前200名中占据主导地位，有60所高校上榜，但这一数字与去年的62所相比有所下降，有超过一半（32）的高校排名下降，有10所高校排名保持不变，有18所高校排名上升。该国排名最高的是斯坦福大学，排名第三，但去年排名并列第三、在2012年至2016年期间排名最高的加州理工学院今年名次继续下降，下降两名，排名第五。

　　加拿大喜忧参半。该国有27所高校入围2019年排行榜，而去年的入围高校数量是26所，其中排名最高的又是多伦多大学，上升一名，排名第21。该国在2018年和2019年均入围的高校中有近77%（超过四分之三）与去年相比排名下降或保持稳定（有一半排名保持不变）。

　　欧洲呈现喜忧参半的景象

　　欧洲仍然是排名中的重要参与者，但随着竞争加剧，2019年呈现喜忧参半的景象。2019年，欧洲有七所高校进入前30名，与去年相同，其入围高校数量在前200名中占到近一半。

　　泰晤士高等教育排名编辑Ellie Bothwell表示，“虽然许多欧洲国家和高校在今年的排名中取得了巨大成功，但整个大洲政治气候的变化可能会在未来几年损害其许多高等教育体系。如果英国脱欧导致泛欧流动性和研究合作受到限制，英国和欧洲高校将会遭遇失败，而极右翼民粹主义的崛起已经正在影响匈牙利等国家高校的学术自由。这些因素加上来自亚洲的激烈竞争，将使欧洲高校在未来12个月面临巨大的压力。”

　　英国作为排行榜上入围高校数量第二的国家首次被超越，日本入围高校数量为103所，而英国入围高校数量为98所（去年为93所）。牛津大学和剑桥大学再登全球榜首，分别排第一和第二。但该国以前入围的高校中大多数——77所——排名保持不变或下降。英国在全球前200名中仍然是入围高校数量第二的国家（仅次于美国），但今年声誉略微受损，因为其中大多数高校——29所中有21所——排名保持不变或下降，并且有两所高校彻底跌出前200名。

　　德国有47所高校入围（去年为44所）。慕尼黑大学再次成为该国排名第一的高校，名次上升两位，全球并列第32名。其高校中有三分之一在今年的排行榜上排名保持稳定或下降，有13所高校排名上升。该国是排行榜上前200名高校中入围高校数量第三的国家，有23所高校入围。

　　来自东亚的全球竞争继续加剧

　　对日本来说，今年是表现相对较好的一年。经历几年的下降之后，该国排名出现了一些上升，有103所高校入围（去年为89所）——入围高校数量比以往任何时候都多。该国超越英国成为排行榜上入围高校数量第二的国家，其两所顶尖高校排名均有所上升：东京大学上升四名，排名第42，其教学、研究收入和行业收入得分升高。与此同时，京都大学由于教学、被引影响力（研究影响力）和行业收入得分升高，名次上升九名，排名第65。

　　此外，印度入围高校数量也有所增加，从42所增加至49所，成为全球排行榜上入围高校数量第五的国家，仅次于中国。在全球竞争加剧的情况下，其大多数高校排名保持不变或有所下降。印度政府制定了“卓越高校”（Institutes of Eminence）计划和新的国际化战略，旨在应对全球竞争的加剧。印度科学理工学院再次成为该国排名第一的高校，在全球排行榜上的排名保持在251名到300名之间。

　　2019 年入围高校和出局高校

　　巴格达大学成为该排行榜有史15年来伊拉克第一所入围高校，得益于在被引影响力（研究影响力）方面的最佳表现，跻身全球801名至1000名的排名区间。西印度群岛大学成为牙买加第一所入围高校，跻身排行榜上501名到600名之间，拥有强大的国际视野。哈萨克斯坦、尼泊尔和坦桑尼亚今年也首次入围排行榜，而塞尔维亚在缺席一年后再次入围。

　　由于达卡大学没有提交数据，孟加拉国成为唯一从2019年排行榜中退出的国家。

　　具体排名如下：

　　2019 global top 200（2019全球TOP200）

Institution name	Country/region	2019 global ranking	2018 global ranking
University of Oxford	United Kingdom	1	1
University of Cambridge	United Kingdom	2	2
Stanford University	United States	3	=3
Massachusetts Institute of Technology	United States	4	5
California Institute of Technology	United States	5	=3
Harvard University	United States	6	6
Princeton University	United States	7	7
Yale University	United States	8	12
Imperial College London	United Kingdom	9	8
University of Chicago	United States	10	9
ETH Zurich	Switzerland	11	=10
Johns Hopkins University	United States	=12	13
University of Pennsylvania	United States	=12	=10
UCL	United Kingdom	14	16
University of California, Berkeley	United States	15	18
Columbia University	United States	16	14
University of California, Los Angeles	United States	17	15
Duke University	United States	18	17
Cornell University	United States	19	19
University of Michigan	United States	20	21
University of Toronto	Canada	21	=22
Tsinghua University	China	22	30
National University of Singapore	Singapore	23	=22
Carnegie Mellon University	United States	24	24
Northwestern University	United States	25	20
London School of Economics and Political Science	United Kingdom	26	=25
New York University	United States	27	=27
University of Washington	United States	28	=25
University of Edinburgh	United Kingdom	29	=27
University of California, San Diego	United States	30	31
Peking University	China	31	=27
LMU Munich	Germany	=32	=34
University of Melbourne	Australia	=32	32
Georgia Institute of Technology	United States	34	33
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne	Switzerland	35	=38
University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong, China	36	40
University of British Columbia	Canada	37	=34
King’s College London	United Kingdom	38	36
University of Texas at Austin	United States	39	49
Karolinska Institute	Sweden	40	=38
Paris Sciences et Lettres – PSL Research University Paris	France	41	=72
The University of Tokyo	Japan	42	46
University of Wisconsin-Madison	United States	43	43
McGill University	Canada	=44	42
Technical University of Munich	Germany	=44	41
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	Hong Kong, China	46	44
Heidelberg University	Germany	47	45
KU Leuven	Belgium	48	47
Australian National University	Australia	49	48
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	United States	50	37
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore	Singapore	51	52
University of California, Santa Barbara	United States	52	53
Brown University	United States	53	=50
Washington University in St Louis	United States	54	=50
Chinese University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong, China	55	58
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	United States	56	=56
University of Manchester	United Kingdom	57	=54
Delft University of Technology	Netherlands	58	63
University of California, Davis	United States	=59	=54
University of Sydney	Australia	=59	61
Wageningen University & Research	Netherlands	=59	64
University of Amsterdam	Netherlands	62	59
Seoul National University	South Korea	63	=74
Purdue University	United States	64	60
Kyoto University	Japan	65	=74
University of Southern California	United States	66	66
Humboldt University of Berlin	Germany	67	62
Leiden University	Netherlands	68	67
University of Queensland	Australia	69	65
Erasmus University Rotterdam	Netherlands	70	=72
University of Minnesota	United States	=71	=56
Ohio State University	United States	=71	=70
Sorbonne University	France	73	NR
Boston University	United States	=74	=70
Utrecht University	Netherlands	=74	68
University of Freiburg	Germany	76	82
McMaster University	Canada	77	78
University of Bristol	United Kingdom	78	76
University of Groningen	Netherlands	=79	=83
University of Warwick	United Kingdom	=79	91
Pennsylvania State University	United States	81	77
University of Maryland, College Park	United States	=82	69
Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)	South Korea	=82	=111
Emory University	United States	=84	98
Monash University	Australia	=84	=80
Rice University	United States	86	=86
RWTH Aachen University	Germany	=87	79
Uppsala University	Sweden	=87	=86
University of Tübingen	Germany	89	94
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin	Germany	=90	=126
University of Montreal	Canada	=90	108
University of Zurich	Switzerland	=90	136
University of Glasgow	United Kingdom	=93	=80
Michigan State University	United States	=93	=83
University of Science and Technology of China	China	=93	132
University of California, Irvine	United States	=96	99
University of New South Wales	Australia	=96	85
Lund University	Sweden	98	93
Dartmouth College	United States	=99	89
University of Helsinki	Finland	=99	90
Zhejiang University	China	101	=177
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)	South Korea	102	=95
University of Basel	Switzerland	103	=95
Free University of Berlin	Germany	104	88
Fudan University	China	105	116
University of Sheffield	United Kingdom	106	104
University of Virginia	United States	107	=113
École Polytechnique	France	108	115
Georgetown University	United States	109	=123
University of Bern	Switzerland	=110	=105
University of Bonn	Germany	=110	=100
City University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong, China	=110	=119
University of Pittsburgh	United States	=110	=100
University of Colorado Boulder	United States	=114	=100
Durham University	United Kingdom	=114	97
University of Birmingham	United Kingdom	=116	=141
University of Copenhagen	Denmark	=116	=109
University of Southampton	United Kingdom	118	=126
University of York	United Kingdom	119	=137
Trinity College Dublin	Republic of Ireland	120	=117
University of Oslo	Norway	=121	146
Vanderbilt University	United States	=121	=105
Aarhus University	Denmark	=123	=109
Arizona State University	United States	=123	=126
University of Göttingen	Germany	=123	=113
University of Mannheim	Germany	=123	125
Radboud University Nijmegen	Netherlands	=123	122
Université Catholique de Louvain	Belgium	=128	129
Maastricht University	Netherlands	=128	103
Queen Mary University of London	United Kingdom	130	121
Technical University of Berlin	Germany	131	92
University of Alberta	Canada	=132	=119
Case Western Reserve University	United States	=132	158
University of Western Australia	Australia	134	=111
University of Adelaide	Australia	=135	=134
University of Geneva	Switzerland	=135	=130
University of Hamburg	Germany	=135	201–250
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology	Germany	=135	133
Nanjing University	China	=135	=169
Pompeu Fabra University	Spain	=135	140
University of Exeter	United Kingdom	141	=130
Pohang University of Science and Technology	South Korea	142	=137
Ghent University	Belgium	=143	107
University of Vienna	Austria	=143	=165
Autonomous University of Barcelona	Spain	145	=147
University of Cologne	Germany	=146	145
Indiana University	United States	=146	=117
Lancaster University	United Kingdom	=146	=150
University of Nottingham	United Kingdom	=149	=147
Ulm University	Germany	=149	=155
TU Dresden	Germany	151	=155
Tufts University	United States	152	=169
University of Leeds	United Kingdom	=153	139
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna	Italy	=153	=155
Stockholm University	Sweden	=153	=134
University of Cape Town	South Africa	=156	171
University of Florida	United States	=156	=143
University of Aberdeen	United Kingdom	158	185
University of Arizona	United States	=159	161
University of Würzburg	Germany	=159	=165
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa	Italy	=161	184
University of Sussex	United Kingdom	=161	=147
University of Rochester	United States	=163	=153
Technical University of Denmark	Denmark	=163	=153
University of St Andrews	United Kingdom	165	=143
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam	Netherlands	166	=165
University of California, Santa Cruz	United States	=167	=162
Eindhoven University of Technology	Netherlands	=167	=141
University of Leicester	United Kingdom	=167	=159
National Taiwan University	Taiwan, China	170	=198
Newcastle University	United Kingdom	=171	=175
Texas A&M University	United States	=171	=159
Hong Kong Polytechnic University	Hong Kong, China	=173	=182
University of Notre Dame	United States	=173	=150
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg	Germany	175	=162
University of Lausanne	Switzerland	=176	152
University of Ottawa	Canada	=176	201–250
Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey	United States	=176	172
University of Alabama at Birmingham	United States	179	168
University of Bologna	Italy	180	201–250
Aalto University	Finland	=181	190
George Washington University	United States	=181	201–250
University of Liverpool	United Kingdom	=181	=177
University of Münster	Germany	=184	=173
Northeastern University	United States	=184	193
University of Twente	Netherlands	=184	=179
Cardiff University	United Kingdom	=187	=162
KTH Royal Institute of Technology	Sweden	=187	=173
University of Konstanz	Germany	189	201–250
University of Duisburg-Essen	Germany	=190	201–250
University of East Anglia	United Kingdom	=190	=188
Shanghai Jiao Tong University	China	=190	=188
Western University	Canada	=190	201–250
Aalborg University	Denmark	=194	201–250
Paris Diderot University – Paris 7	France	=194	201–250
University of Technology, Sydney	Australia	196	201–250
University of Bergen	Norway	197	201–250
Korea University	South Korea	198	201–250
University of Calgary	Canada	=199	201–250
Lomonosov Moscow State University	Russian Federation	=199	194

　　2019 regional table – mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan

　　（中国内地、香港、台湾高校排名）

Institution name	Country /Region	2019 Rank	2018 Rank
Tsinghua University	China	22	30
Peking University	China	31	=27
University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong, China	36	40
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	Hong Kong, China	46	44
Chinese University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong, China	55	58
University of Science and Technology of China	China	=93	132
Zhejiang University	China	101	=177
Fudan University	China	105	116
City University of Hong Kong	Hong Kong, China	=110	=119
Nanjing University	China	=135	=169
National Taiwan University	Taiwan, China	170	=198
Hong Kong Polytechnic University	Hong Kong, China	=173	=182
Shanghai Jiao Tong University	China	=190	=188
Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)	China	301–350	NR
Sun Yat-sen University	China	301–350	351–400
Huazhong University of Science and Technology	China	351–400	401–500
Nankai University	China	351–400	NR
Wuhan University	China	351–400	401–500
Harbin Institute of Technology	China	401–500	501–600
Hong Kong Baptist University	Hong Kong, China	401–500	401–500
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech)	Taiwan, China	401–500	401–500
National Tsing Hua University	Taiwan, China	401–500	301–350
Tongji University	China	401–500	401–500
Beihang University	China	501–600	601–800
China Medical University, Taiwan	Taiwan, China	501–600	501–600
Hunan University	China	501–600	601–800
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology	China	501–600	NR
National Cheng Kung University (NCKU)	Taiwan, China	501–600	501–600
National Chiao Tung University	Taiwan, China	501–600	401–500
National Yang-Ming University	Taiwan, China	501–600	601–800
Renmin University of China	China	501–600	501–600
Shandong University	China	501–600	501–600
Soochow University	China	501–600	501–600
South China University of Technology	China	501–600	501–600
Southeast University	China	501–600	501–600
Taipei Medical University	Taiwan, China	501–600	601–800
Tianjin University	China	501–600	501–600
Xiamen University	China	501–600	401–500
Xi’an Jiaotong University	China	501–600	501–600
Beijing Institute of Technology	China	601–800	601–800
Central South University	China	601–800	601–800
Chang Gung University	Taiwan, China	601–800	601–800
China Agricultural University	China	601–800	601–800
China University of Geosciences, Beijing	China	601–800	601–800
Dalian University of Technology	China	601–800	601–800
East China Normal University	China	601–800	501–600
East China University of Science and Technology	China	601–800	601–800
Fuzhou University	China	601–800	601–800
Huazhong Agricultural University	China	601–800	601–800
Nanjing Agricultural University	China	601–800	601–800
Nanjing Medical University	China	601–800	601–800
Nanjing Normal University	China	601–800	601–800
Nanjing Tech University	China	601–800	601–800
National Sun Yat-Sen University	Taiwan, China	601–800	601–800
National Taiwan Normal University	Taiwan, China	601–800	501–600
Northeast Normal University	China	601–800	601–800
Northwestern Polytechnical University	China	601–800	601–800
Shenzhen University	China	601–800	NR
Sichuan University	China	601–800	601–800
Asia University, Taiwan	Taiwan, China	801–1000	801–1000
Beijing Jiaotong University	China	801–1000	801–1000
Capital Medical University	China	801–1000	601–800
China University of Geosciences, Wuhan	China	801–1000	601–800
China University of Mining and Technology	China	801–1000	801–1000
China University of Petroleum, Beijing	China	801–1000	801–1000
China Pharmaceutical University	China	801–1000	NR
Chongqing University	China	801–1000	801–1000
Chung Yuan Christian University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	801–1000
Fu Jen Catholic University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	801–1000
Jiangsu University	China	801–1000	801–1000
Jilin University	China	801–1000	NR
Jinan University	China	801–1000	801–1000
Kaohsiung Medical University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	601–800
National Central University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	601–800
National Chengchi University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	601–800
National Chung Hsing University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	NR
National Dong Hwa University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	801–1000
National Taipei University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	801–1000
National Taipei University of Technology	Taiwan, China	801–1000	801–1000
National Taiwan Ocean University	Taiwan, China	801–1000	801–1000
Northeastern University	China	801–1000	801–1000
Northwest University	China	801–1000	801–1000
NorthWest A&F University	China	801–1000	801–1000
Ocean University of China	China	801–1000	801–1000
University of Science and Technology Beijing	China	801–1000	601–800
Shanghai University	China	801–1000	601–800
Shantou University	China	801–1000	601–800
Southern Medical University	China	801–1000	NR
Wuhan University of Technology	China	801–1000	801–1000
Xiangtan University	China	801–1000	801–1000
Xidian University	China	801–1000	801–1000
Yangzhou University	China	801–1000	NR
Chaoyang University of Technology	Taiwan, China	1001+	1001+
Feng Chia University	Taiwan, China	1001+	801–1000
Guangxi University	China	1001+	1001+
Harbin Engineering University	China	1001+	NR
Huaqiao University	China	1001+	801–1000
I-Shou University	Taiwan, China	1001+	801–1000
Ming Chuan University	Taiwan, China	1001+	1001+
National Changhua University of Education	Taiwan, China	1001+	NR
National Chiayi University	Taiwan, China	1001+	1001+
National Chung Cheng University	Taiwan, China	1001+	801–1000
National University of Kaohsiung	Taiwan, China	1001+	1001+
North China Electric Power University	China	1001+	NR
Shanghai Maritime University	China	1001+	1001+
University of South China	China	1001+	NR
Southwest Jiaotong University	China	1001+	1001+
Tamkang University	Taiwan	1001+	1001+
Yanshan University	China	1001+	NR
Yuan Ze University	Taiwan, China	1001+	801–1000