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affirm
affirmative
affirming
？？？
还有reaffirm
等等我头有点晕...
万能的词典里
关于affirm的意思
是这样的
（图片来源：有道电子词典）
再来看看韦伯斯特Webster的解释
（图片来源：webster词典）
从词典里我们可以看到
关于affirm的解释为
肯定；断言
在实际考题中遇到affirm是怎样的呢？
请看affirm
首先请看例题
When a new scientific model emerges, research studies (i)________ that paradigm tend to dominate in the scientific literature: the process of selecting articles for publication is tilted toward positive results. But once the paradigm (ii)________, the academic incentives shift in the opposite direction: research results are more likely to be considered worthy of publication when they (iii)________ what has become the establish view.
| Blank (i) | Blank (ii) | Blank (iii) |
| A.tweaking | D. is initially articulated | G. bolster |
| B.affirming | E. has become entrenched | H. circumvent |
| C.controverting | F. is about to be attacked | I. undermine |
先自己做再查看解析
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When a new scientific model emerges, research studies (i)________ that paradigm tend to dominate in the scientific literature: the process of selecting articles for publication is tilted toward positive results. But once the paradigm (ii)________, the academic incentives shift in the opposite direction: research results are more likely to be considered worthy of publication when they (iii)________ what has become the established view.
| Blank (i) | Blank (ii) | Blank (iii) |
| A.tweaking 扭扯 | D. is initially articulated 刚开始清晰阐述 | G. bolster 支持 |
| B.affirming | E. has become entrenched | H. circumvent 避开 |
| C.controverting反驳 | F. is about to be attacked 将要被攻击 | I. undermine |
【核心】A. But B
【解析】解题过程中需要考虑到A. But B 大逻辑结构AB为反义对立关系，其中需要关注的是“paradigm”为正向评价词，所以第一个空格填写肯定的逻辑正向词汇，而且是“When a new scientific model emerges”，表明新科技出现，所以更加肯定是正向的评价。
第二个句子开始转折，所以一定要开始说这个“model” 的坏处，出现了“shift in the opposite direction”走向了相反的方向。
句末出现了“established view”老观点，是负向评价词。所以说明，这个paradigm要被反驳了，不再被人们信任了。所以人们要开始反驳老观点，这样的内容才会被认为是创新的观点。
【翻译】当新的科学模式出现时，研究会认为XXX这个模式会在文学出版中占据主导地位：出版倾向于选择正向的研究结论。但是一旦这个模式XXX，学术动机就会向着反方向转变：只有当研究结论XXX了既有观点的时候，才更有可能被出版发行。
【答案】affirming 肯定has become entrenched 变得牢固undermine 破坏，反对
好啦，今天就和大家分享到这里啦
